This article refers to the address: http://
The "encryption" technology performs a specific scrambling process on the transmitted television signal, and must be connected to the decoder at the receiving end, and must be paid on time to be able to normally watch during the validity period. Both domestic and foreign encrypted satellite programs must use a dedicated decryptor to receive. Currently, there are several types of satellite TV encryption systems used at home and abroad, which can encrypt the image and audio signals separately.1. Four common encryption methods for satellite broadcast system
(1) French telecommunications encryption (Viacess): This encryption method is the most common. The main broadcast system represents the 76.50E Asia Pacific 211 Pacific Live and Chinese live broadcast system.
(2) Irdeto encryption method (Irdeto); 110.50E Xinnuo 1 transmitted on CCTV and some provincial provinces with more than 30 sets of CBTV, 78.50E Taixing 1 UBC broadcast system, 1080E Indonesia Telecom 1 The live broadcast system of this number uses this encryption method.
(3) Pumpkin encryption method (Nagravison): Mainly based on the 1460E DREAM BROADCASTINGSYSTEM program, most of the 53 programs are English programs, and the Chinese programs include a set of TV stations and no code programs. In addition, the Hong Kong LBC system on the 880E star is also encrypted in this way.
(4) Endis Encryption Method (Nds): 105.50E Asian 3S Phoenix
A group of phoenix movies, 1960E KOREASAT-3 (Korea Infinity Flower No. 3) SKYLife live broadcast system uses this encryption method, this encryption method is more stable, but the decoder is expensive, generally for TV stations.
In addition, the SEE encryption method adopted by the 105.50E ZEE TV. There are also encryption methods such as Conax and SkyCrypt.
2. Several technical methods for video and audio signal encryption
(1) Video inversion: the normal video signal is inverted. When receiving with a normal satellite receiver, the image displayed by the TV is inverted and cannot be viewed normally. However, this encryption method is quite poor in confidentiality. It can be viewed by adding a simple video inverter. In particular, most satellite receivers now use high local oscillator and low local oscillator frequency conversion technology. Therefore, the satellite receiver must set the video pole. Sex switch. The polarity of the video signal can be easily switched by simply turning the polarity switch while watching.
(2) Sine wave synchronous transfer: The basic principle of this technology is to add a sine wave with a frequency equal to the horizontal or horizontal frequency multiplier to the video signal, so that the sync pulse of the video signal is interfered, and the amplitude of some sync pulses becomes smaller. , so that the image displayed on the TV cannot be locked in sync, causing the TV image to roll or tear. This scrambling method is also easy to be cracked. As long as the infringer knows the frequency of the interference wave, a simple filter is added to the video signal path to filter out the interference wave to display the normal image.
(3) Pulse synchronous transfer: The basic method of this technique is to add a pulse train of the same frequency as the sync pulse to the video signal, so that the sync pulse in the video signal is attenuated and compressed. When the sync pulse in the video signal is attenuated, its amplitude It has fallen below the amplitude of the video image signal, so the sync signal cannot be separated by the ordinary satellite receiver and the image cannot be locked. In the decryptor, the synchronization pulse is demodulated by the decoding circuit to obtain a normal signal.
(4) Synchronous Substitution: The basic principle of the synchronous substitution method is to replace the line synchronization or frame synchronization pulse signal in the video signal with a non-standard signal waveform, replace the original synchronization signal with the data subcarrier, and the synchronization signal is included in the data. In the subcarrier. In the decryptor, a data demodulator can be used to demodulate the synchronization signal to synchronize the images.
(5) Active inversion: There are several methods for active inversion encryption. One is to use a video signal to invert the line by line, the other is to make a certain certain line of video inversion, and the other is to use a field-by-field video signal inversion. The use of this type of encryption for program encryption is more secure, and there is no obvious signal to indicate the polarity of the line signal. In the decryptor, the 2.5 MHz synchronization subcarrier, the data tone signal, the chrominance subcarrier, the phase identification key, and the image signal, which are sequentially transmitted for each line of the signal, are decrypted to receive the normal image and the accompanying sound signal, respectively.
(6) Video signal cutting and reversal: The basic principle of this encryption technique is to cut each line of video signal into several parts, and invert or invert the cut part of the video signal according to a predetermined arrangement. The video signal cutting and reverse encryption method is usually used in a digital transmission television system in a decryptor, and more cutting points in the digitized video signal can be subjected to normal image processing to demodulate a normal image signal. .
(7) Line cutting and rotation: The basic principle of the encryption method is to cut each line of the video signal into a predetermined number of segments, and then the encryption method for rotating the subsequent segment is also applicable to the digital satellite program transmission system, and the confidentiality is better. Ok, it is very difficult to be deciphered. In the decryptor, 8-bit digital sampling can usually be used, and then the split samples of each line are cut into 256 points for decryption.
(8) Line transfer: The basic principle of the line transfer encryption method is that when a frame signal is transmitted, it is not sent in the order of each line. For example, the signal of the 148th line can be sent at the position of the 228th line, or the signal of the third line is Send on the 16th line. The encryption method is suitable for use in an analog or digital satellite program transmission system, and has good confidentiality. In the decryptor, the video signal is first subjected to analog or digital conversion, and then the field or frame signal is stored, and the transmission is performed. A certain line of signals is read in a predetermined order and sent in the order of the encryption arrangement.
3. Satellite receiver decoder
(1) Dedicated machine: such as the Phoenix Film Station DTH310 decoder, the NOKLA 880005 CBTV CGN satellite digital decoder used in the domestic “village-to-village projectâ€.
(2) Ordinary card machine (CA): The machine has a card slot, which can be decrypted by inserting and decrypting the long, and cannot convert the encryption format. It is only applicable to an encryption system, such as Emperor 901, Baisheng 3900, Tongzhou 2000E, etc. Receiver.
(3) Multi-system decryption card machine: There are dual system, three system card machine, dual system has kevin268 (V+1 decryption), three systems have air material T420S, Yusheng E91 IS, etc. (V+1+N decryption system ), insert the corresponding decryption card, you can switch between systems by manual or remote control,
(4) Modular machine (CI): A receiver that converts an encrypted format through a module (CAM) and then inserts a decryption card, and is suitable for various encryption systems. Representative models include Strong4355 and Dijiatong 6115 series. Insert various modules (cards inserted in the module), use a CI machine to cooperate with the decryption module of different systems to complete the viewing, just replace the module to solve the problem.
(5) Satellite computer receiving card: installed in the PCI expansion slot of the computer host, cooperate with the computer (after obtaining the key) to complete the decryption of different systems, and the Visionplus WP-1020 satellite receiving card produced by Twin Han. Xinnuo No. 1 DVB satellite data receiving PC card can not only receive digital video signals sent by satellite, but also receive IP programs compressed by video MPEG-4, through various receiving software (such as Xidekang, Tongshi DVB, far Teach IP data, Jingtian Communication and other receiving software) to receive IP data broadcast information such as economy, culture, technology, education, etc.
4, decryption card
In conjunction with the live encryption system, the corresponding intelligent decryption card (authentic card, commonly known as z card) is sold, and the card stores information such as a decryption program, a card management program, and a card number. The memory stores a key (Key), a card password, and a use. A series of information such as deadlines. It achieves viewing encrypted satellite TV programs by rewriting expired cards or rewriting decryption programs. From an economic point of view, D cards are generally used now. There are three types of common D cards:
(1) 84 cards: Because the color is mostly golden, it is also called gold card. Foreign countries are called Gold Wafer Card, referred to as GW card. The CPU is MicrochipPLC16F84, and the extended memory is mostly 24C16. Due to the slower computing speed of the chip and the smaller memory capacity, it can only be upgraded automatically or manually. One can't have it at the same time. The card compatibility is not good, but the price is cheap.
(2) 877 card (foreign called Gold Wafer Sliver Gard, domestic Thunder card, Panda card belongs to this): CPU is mostly Microchip PIC16F876, expansion memory is mostly 24C64, chip performance is better than 84 card, memory capacity is also large, At the same time, it supports better automatic upgrade and manual upgrade. The price is higher than 84 cards, which is more common.
(3) 8515 card (Fun CARD abroad): Its CPU is ATMEL AT90S8515, the performance is equivalent to 386, the data processing capability is particularly strong, the expansion memory is mostly 24C64 or 24C128, which can support automatic upgrade and manual upgrade at the same time, and the compatibility is good.
(4) D card: mainly for decrypting the VID card of 76.50E, decrypting the III) card of 78.50E. In order to prevent the loss of interest, the satellite company 76.50E and 880E star both replaced the system in the early stage, and upgraded from VIACCESS I (V1) to VIACCESS2 (V2). The Taixing UBC satellite TV live IRDETO 1 (11) system was also upgraded to IRDETO 2 ACCESS (12) encryption method. In addition, the channel parts like Indonesia Telecom No. 1 and Xinnuo No. 1 have also been upgraded to 12 encryption methods.
With the upgrade of each encryption system, the programs that the D card can see are only the 12730 and 12642 of 76.50E, and there are a small number of programs of 1660E, and the program will be less and less.
5, the decryptor
The decryptor is an important tool for watching encrypted TV programs. The user decryptors of different encryption systems have different circuit structures, but they usually contain the following parts:
(1) Digital processing and decryption appliances. This part of the circuit usually consists of a micro-processing chip, a memory, and an arithmetic operation circuit. It can process the data signals transmitted by the TV station for charging viewing authorization, information storage, algorithm calculation, etc., output and solve the signal code, and provide images and audio signals.
(2) Sound and image signal processing circuits. This part of the circuit includes front-end demodulation circuit, digital-to-analog conversion circuit, clock recovery and synchronization recovery circuit. The scrambled image and the accompanying sound signal are descrambled here. For digital audio encryption signals, there should also be a dedicated digital audio processing circuit to demodulate the audio signal.
Some decryptors also need to purchase a special charging card, which can be inserted into the decryptor before they can be decrypted. This type of card usually has a time limit. Users must purchase a charging card regularly to continue watching the encrypted satellite TV festival. ). Such receiving devices must be approved by the relevant departments before they can be installed, and ordinary households cannot use them. Therefore, such decryptors are generally purchased by cable television stations and then decrypted domestic encrypted programs and then sent to the user's home by wire transmission, and periodically to the users. The viewing fee is charged.
Manual Capsule Coffee Maker
CINO Manual Capsule Coffee Machine is famous for its manual control of the coffee volume. Press the button to start/stop the coffee extraction and enjoy however much you like it to be.
Specification:
- 19 bar high pressure pump (made in italy)
- Energe saving automatic switch off after 10 mins.
- Automatic ejection of used capsule.
- Water tank 1Lt.-with water at room temperature.
- Capsule tray, can contain up to 8-10 capsules.
- Manual control of the coffee volume.
Manual Capsule Coffee Maker
Manual Capsule Coffee Machine, Espresso Coffee Maker, Espresso Capsule Machine
CINO COFFEE MACHINE MFG CO.,LTD , http://www.cino-coffee.com