1 illuminance calculation
When it comes to illuminance calculation, many designers do not pay much attention to it. It is considered that architectural lighting design is not as important as fire protection, lightning protection grounding, and power distribution design. There is no personal safety problem. Is it necessary to calculate? In theory, lighting is an important part of electrical design and the basis of power distribution design. If it is arranged at will, it will affect the accuracy of the power distribution system. From a practical point of view, the illumination is bright or dark, which seriously affects the use. The effect, so we think the illuminance calculation is necessary. There are many methods for illuminance calculation, but the calculation is complicated, and many parameters are not known, so most people will use the illumination power density method (often based on their own experience). There is nothing wrong with the method itself, but can it be used under any circumstances? Below we verify by calculation.
Example 1: Room size: 4m × 4m, 6m × 6m, 12m × 3m, 10m × 10m, 50m × 50m Room height: 3m, 3.5m Requirements: The average illuminance value of the room floor reaches 300lx, and the deviation is within ±10%.
Lamps: fluorescent lamp nvcNDL442/2×28W grille lamp metal halide lamp nvcNDL607/150W gold halide lamp incandescent lamp nvcNDL3125DF/glossy standard downlight source: fluorescent lamp T5-28W×2 metal halide lamp double-ended RX7S incandescent lamp ordinary 60W calculation Software: DIALUX4.005 lighting data plug-in calculation process: see ~ through the lamp power x number of lamps / area = lighting power density, the calculation results are filled as shown in Table 1. Fluorescent lamps, metal halide lamps unified energy-saving inductive ballasts, The ballast power is calculated as 20% of the light source.
1 3m 3.5m 4x46x6 12x310x1050x504x46x612x310x1050x50 fluorescent lamp 25.517.018.913.612.021.318.922.7 17.012.6 metal halide lamp 11.210.012.510.8 9.511.315 15 12.69.5 incandescent lamp 157120 135 101 82 184135 165 10983.5
It can be seen from 1 that the illumination power density (LPD) of different lamps is different in the same room, the LPD of the same lamp in different rooms is also different, and the LPD of the same lamp in a room with the same area and shape is not necessarily the same. The same, so using the illumination power density method to calculate illuminance has great limitations. If a smaller LPD value is taken in the calculation, the calculated number of lamps will not meet the illumination requirement; and if a larger LPD value is taken, the lighting load of the entire project will be increased, energy is wasted, and energy saving is avoided. The original intention of the design. In the calculation results table, we can see that the energy consumption of incandescent lamps is extremely large, so in general, lamps of such light sources should not be used any more. In addition, in the design of large-scale engineering projects, it is very cumbersome to check the design manual to calculate the illuminance one by one. It is recommended to use the lighting calculation software to improve the calculation efficiency and obtain more accurate and reliable results.
2 lighting power density
"Architectural Lighting Design Standards" GB50034-2004 has greatly improved the illuminance level of the workplace, reflecting the progress of society and the improvement of people's requirements for environmental quality. It should be noted that the new design standard raises the lighting power density index to the position of mandatory provisions, which shows that the state attaches importance to energy conservation. The new design standard lighting power density indicator will eliminate the use of existing non-energy-saving light sources and force the use of efficient energy-saving light sources and lamps. Below, we use calculations to understand the mandatory provisions of the new standard for lighting power density.
Example 2: Room size: general business hall 50m × 50m, net height 3.5m supermarket 100m × 100m, lamp belt height 3.5m, office 10m × 8m, net height 3m requirements: shopping mall 0.75m water level 300lx supermarket: 0.75m water level 500lx Office: 0.75m horizontal plane 300lx software: DIALUX4.005 lighting data plugin
(1) Shopping mall
Lamp: nvcNDL402/3×36W grille lamp light source: fluorescent lamp T8-36W×3 Considering the cost factor, the inductive ballast is used, and the power accounts for 20% of the light source. The calculation process is shown in 5 and 6.
The power of the whole set of lamps is: 36 × 3 × (1 + 20%) = 130 (W) 130 × 18 × 18 / (50 × 50) = 16.8 (W / m 2)
(2) Supermarket lamps: nvcNDLE483/2X36W flat cover bracket light source: fluorescent lamp T8-36W × 2 Considering the cost factor, using inductive ballast, the power accounts for 20% of the light source.
The calculation process is shown in Figures 7 and 8.
The power of the whole set of lamps is: 36 × 2 × (1 + 20%) = 87 (W) 87 × 49 × 49 / (100 × 100) = 20.9 (W / m 2)
(3) Office lamps: nvcNDL442/2×36W grid light panel light source: fluorescent lamp T8-36W×2 Considering the cost factor, the inductive ballast is used, and the power accounts for 20% of the light source.
The calculation process is shown in 9,10.
The power of the whole set of lamps is: 36 × 2x (1 + 20%) = 87 (W) 87 × 5 × 4 / (10 × 8) = 21.8 (W / m 2) After calculation, the mall LPD16.8> 12; supermarket LPD20. 9>20; Office LPD21.8>11, none of the LPD mandatory provisions. If the Philips T8TLD36W/830 high-efficiency energy-saving lamp is used and the electronic ballast is used (the ballast power is 5% of the light source), the calculation is as follows: Shopping mall: 36×3×1.05×14×14/(50×50)=8.9 (W/m2) Supermarket: 36 × 2 × 1.05 × 40 × 42 / (100 × 100) = 14.5 (W / m2) Office: 36 × 2 × 1.05 × 3 × 5 / (10 × 8) = 14.2 (W /m2) Calculation results, shopping mall LPD8.9 <12, supermarket LPD14.5 <20, meet the mandatory provisions. However, the office LPD14.2>11, we tried to use ordinary three-tube lamps or bracket-type lamps, which could not meet the requirements. However, after replacing the luminaire with Philips' TBS320M6, the office's LPD dropped to 8.5W/m2 (see the calculation process below), which is far below the new standard of 11W/m2.
In general, in the lighting design, the use of efficient energy-saving light source lamps is imperative. In addition, some designers use the inverse method in lighting design. For example, according to the mandatory provisions, the LPD of the conference room is 11W/m2. When designing, select a value less than 11, multiply by the room area, and then divide the power of the single fixture to get the number of lamps in the room. This approach does not seem to violate the mandatory provisions, but if there is no indication of the use of energy-efficient lamps, the illuminance value calculated by the number of room lamps designed in this way will not reach the corresponding illuminance value of 300lx, which is actually a violation of the mandatory Sexual provisions. Therefore, the model or indicator parameters of the reference luminaire should be stated in the design description.
3 color mild color rendering
Due to the lack of understanding or attention of many designers on the light source products, the relevant parameters of the light source are not indicated in the design drawings, and the owner does not understand the products, so that a large number of lamps with excessive color temperature, low color rendering and low efficiency are used. Many construction projects are also not conducive to building energy efficiency. According to the range of light and color comfort areas proposed by Kludoff in Germany in 1941, people will feel cold and uncomfortable in low illumination and high color temperature. If fluorescent lamps are used in lighting design, we recommend the use of high-efficiency, high-color rendering trichromatic fluorescent tubes. In addition, different light sources should be selected according to different places in the design, pay attention to the scope and effect of various lamps. Color rendering is another important indicator of light source. It can be referenced in design. 4. There are also requirements for color rendering of light source in new lighting standards, so I will not repeat them here.
2 lamp color table grouping color table group color table related color temperature (K) 1 warm 3300 or less 2 middle 3300 ~ 5300 3 cold 5300 or more 3 illuminance, color temperature and feeling relationship illuminance (lx) light source color feeling warm color middle color cool color ≤500 pleasant middle cold 500 ̄1000 ↑1000 ̄2000 stimulating pleasant middle 2000 ̄3000 ↓≥3000 unnatural stimulating happy table 4 various color source color indicator light source Ra incandescent 95 ～99 fluorescent lamp 70 ~ 80 compact fluorescent lamp 85 or more high pressure sodium lamp 23 ~ 25 fluorescent high pressure mercury lamp 30 ~ 40 color improvement improved high pressure sodium lamp 60 high color rendering high pressure sodium lamp 70 lamp 75 钪 sodium lamp 60 high efficiency metal halide lamp 65
4 Conclusion
At present, the country has made sustainable development a core strategy for national development, and energy conservation, especially lighting and energy conservation, plays a very important role. Therefore, it is of great significance for the state to implement “green lighting engineeringâ€. We have also seen that the competent authorities at all levels, major research institutes, colleges and universities, and major lighting companies at home and abroad have paid great attention to lighting energy conservation. They are actively formulating lighting energy conservation policies, standards and measures, and vigorously introducing them. And research and development of lighting energy-saving new technologies, promotion of energy-efficient lighting new products. We believe that through the joint efforts of all of us, China will certainly change the status quo of wasted energy and step into a more healthy and orderly development track.
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