1 illuminance and quality requirements of the plant
Illuminance is the most important one in lighting quality evaluation. The illumination of electric lamps is selected according to the Architectural Lighting Design Standard (GB50034 - 2004).
In the actual production process, frequent illumination changes may occur, which will greatly reduce the quality of illumination. The main reason is the voltage fluctuation of the lighting power source, causing the light flux of the light source to change; there is also the impinging airflow around the lighting fixture, causing the lighting fixture to oscillate; Strobe is also a hazard that affects visual work. In order to avoid these illuminance instability factors, the following measures are generally taken during design:
1) Using a high-quality power supply, the voltage fluctuation is generally required to be no more than ± 5%.
2) The lighting distribution circuit should be set independently, and do not share a control switch with other large-scale electrical equipment.
3) When arranging the lighting fixtures, avoid strong airflow areas as much as possible, and also fix the lamps reliably to avoid swinging due to airflow.
4) When using a gas discharge light source, in a place where the stroboscopic light is high, the phase shift connection method or the parallel luminaires of the power source are connected by different phases.
2Selection and arrangement of general lighting fixtures
Steel industry plants are generally taller, with more dust and higher temperatures. Accordingly, the illuminating lamp generally adopts a deep-cover type lamp, and the light source adopts a high-intensity gas discharge lamp or a mixed light source composed of a fluorescent high-pressure mercury lamp and a high-pressure sodium lamp. However, these lamps need to be equipped with a waterproof, dustproof lamp holder.
Depending on the nature of the explosion site, it is also necessary to configure lamps that meet the explosion-proof rating. In large-scale driving, the workshops and workshops with large vibrations should adopt hook-type flexible connection lighting fixtures or other lighting fixtures with anti-vibration and anti-shedding measures. The arrangement of the lamps should be easy to clean and repair. In some high temperature environments, such as above the ladle, hot billet storage and above the heating furnace, due to the special concentration of heat, it is not suitable to install the lamps.
For the luminaire layout, the following two situations are generally used:
1) The arrangement of point light sources in single-storey industrial buildings is generally installed on the strings under the roof trusses. According to the actual survey, the usual layout schemes are as shown. It can be seen that a, b, and e are the chord installation schemes for the roof truss. It can be fitted with a light source or a hybrid illumination of two sources in the same location. The c and f scheme lamps can be installed in the lower chord of the roof truss, and also become a mixed arrangement of the wall lamp and the ceiling lamp. The d scheme can be used to install the luminaires under the trusses of the roof trusses, or all the wall lamps can be installed. It can be seen that the reasonable arrangement of the lighting fixtures is related to the column net of the plant, the span size, and the height of the roof truss. Generally speaking, when using multi-row lighting fixtures, the distance between the lighting fixtures on the far side is 1 / 2 ~ 1 / 4 of the distance between the lighting fixtures.
2) The layout of the line source of the multi-storey industrial building is as follows: 2. The number of rows of the line source and the relevant dimensions are determined by the following methods:
a) The distance between the line source and the wall should be 1 / 2 ~ 1 / 4 of the distance between the line sources, and 1 / 4 when the uniformity is high.
b) The number of rows of line sources is determined by the following formula:
Line source minimum number of rows = room width Line maximum allowable spacing between light sources If the line source consists of fluorescent lamps, the number of tubes per row n is calculated as follows:
n=room length - 1 m
The length of each lighting fixture, the maximum allowable spacing, can be found by the height ratio method. See 2.
3 security lighting settings
There are many large-scale equipments in the steel industry plant, the layout is complicated, the line of sight is unclear, and the indoor personnel's flow route is complicated. In order to facilitate the accident, people can leave the accident site in the shortest time to ensure life safety, and should be set up for evacuation. illumination. The general evacuation indicator should be placed on the top of the fire exit door or on the wall of the evacuation walkway and its corner at a height of 1 m below the ground. The distance between the signs on the walkway should not exceed 20 m. The standard value of the evacuation illumination on the passage should not be Less than 0151 x. The steel industry generally has a 24-hour three-shift work system, and the evacuation lighting should use the "changing light" method.
In addition, spare lighting should be provided in the industrial plant to ensure that normal activities can continue when normal lighting fails. An industrial plant with a diesel generator unit, the backup lighting power supply can be provided by a diesel generator; without a diesel generator unit, the backup lighting power supply and the normal lighting power supply mains are respectively connected to different transformers, or the normal lighting power supply mains. Separate from the low voltage screen (or busbar) of the substation.
4 lighting distribution control and energy saving
1) Lighting power supply and distribution methods are generally powered by transformers that share lighting and other power loads. However, in order to ensure good lighting power supply performance, power transformers with large impact loads are not used as much as possible.
2) The lighting distribution box is generally placed near the load center of its service range, and pay attention to the following points:
a) The distribution box should be placed in a place that is easy to operate and manage, that is, at least about 115 m of operating distance in front of the distribution box. Equipment and stacking objects should not be set within the operating distance. And when switching the lights, most of the lights can be observed.
b) The distribution box should be installed in a dry and clean place, and should not be located in a damp, watery place or in a place with danger such as fire or explosion.
c) The structure of the distribution box should be easy to operate, maintain and repair.
3) Energy saving
a) Select lamps with high luminous efficiency, with electronic rectifiers or energy-saving inductor rectifiers; b) select reasonable illumination standard values; c) select appropriate lighting methods, use mixed lighting methods in places with higher illumination requirements; d) rationally select lighting Control mode, according to the characteristics of the use of the use of partition control lights and appropriate increase of lighting switch points.
5 Conclusion
The design of the steel industry plant is a comprehensive and extremely strong engineering design.
Lighting is an important part of it. The determination of illumination illuminance, the choice of light source and luminaire, the arrangement of luminaires and the coordination of equipment and equipment are all important topics in the design of industrial plant lighting. A good lighting design is suitable for illumination. The space is bright, the ceiling space is used reasonably, and the lamps are arranged and installed in order to achieve beautiful appearance, comfort, uniform illumination, reasonable airflow organization and clean and clean workshop, which are energy-saving and convenient for maintenance management.
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