Although electric vehicles (EVs) are not new on the market (they have actually existed for more than a century), their popularity has been particularly slow. Advances in battery technology, along with policies and regulations that support alternative energy sources for transportation, have accelerated the adoption of electric vehicles. But electric cars still face fierce competition from star-studded gas stations. These gas stations can instantly pump fuel into conventional internal combustion engine vehicles compared to charging stations that require several hours of charging to fully charge an electric vehicle.
EV charging stations can be broadly classified into three categories: Class 1, 2, and 3 charging stations based on their power and charging capabilities (see Table 1). These three types of charging stations can be further divided into alternating current (AC) charging stations and direct current (DC) charging stations based on charging techniques. Class 1 AC charging stations use slow charging, using low battery charging current to avoid damage to the battery; slow charging is also beneficial to match the energy capacity of the local grid connection. Class 2 AC charging stations, usually located at public charging stations, are available for commercial buildings that require higher current connections. Technological innovations in power handling capabilities and battery topologies have led to the advent of Class 3 DC charging stations. Class 3 charging stations are self-contained with high voltage AC/DC power supplies and can be used without the vehicle's onboard charger (AC/DC) to provide extremely high power charge.
Table 1: Electric Vehicle Service Equipment (EVSE) Type Classification * Charging time does not scale linearly with EVSE charging capacity.
Although Class 3 charging stations have relatively fast charging times compared to Class 1 and Class 2 charging stations (as shown in Table 1), the former has a global share of less than 10%. Excessive charging time (including Class 3 charging stations) has been a major obstacle to the popularization of electric vehicles. Adding remote monitoring and control to the EVSE helps electric vehicle owners reduce the inconvenience caused by extended charging times. For example, the ability to remotely monitor and reserve an EVSE slot in an office parking lot or at a public charging station on a shopping mall or highway (see Figure 1) can eliminate the uncertainty associated with finding an EV charger at the next stop. Sex. The automatic text message sent by the EV charging ensures that the user makes room for the next user without increasing the delay. Automatically charge time and conditions for your electric car when charging at home. This allows electric vehicles to be charged during off-peak hours when the feed-in tariff is low.
Figure 1: Remote monitoring and EVSE control use cases.
TI's new Wi-Fi-enabled electric vehicle service equipment reference design (TIDC-EVSE-WIFI) is a perfect combination to meet the remote monitoring and control requirements of the above use cases (and many more use cases). Add Wi-Fi on the EVSE to monitor EVSE from any Wi-Fi connected device via a standard web browser. Some of the main features included in this design are:
Class 1 and Class 2 charging stations operate (120V to 240V).
Power output up to 30A (by using a larger relay extension).
Pilot signal line communication support.
Latch relay detection.
High precision energy metering.
Communicate over Wi-Fi transceivers using SimpleLinkTM technology.
This reference design is the latest addition to TI's portfolio of TI Designs. This design helps engineers develop equipment that accelerates the popularization of electric vehicles into the mainstream market. In late 2016, TI plans to introduce three types of EV DC charging station reference designs that can be expanded to 600 V and 400 A. Be sure to check out the details of this new Class 3 EVSE power subsystem design in the coming months.
other information
See press release: TI reference design adds Wi-Fi capabilities to electric vehicle charging stations
Find TI's embedded and analog technologies and reference designs to help you design Class 1 and Class 2 EVSE and Class 3 EVSE.
See Class 1 and 2 Electric Vehicle Service Equipment Reference Design (TIDA-00637).
Figure 2 below is a design board picture of a Wi-Fi enabled Class 1 and Class 2 EVSE charging station design.
Figure 2: TI's latest reference design board for Wi-Fi-enabled Class 1 and Class 2 EVSE designs.
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