The simulation technology is based on the similarity principle, information technology, system technology and its application fields. It uses computer and various physical effect devices as tools to test the actual or envisaged system by using the system model. Comprehensive technology. It integrates knowledge of many high-tech fields such as computer, network technology, graphic image technology, multimedia, software engineering, information processing, and automatic control.
With the role of simulation technology in scientific and technological progress and social development, especially military science, with the development and development of high-precision weapon systems, the application and research of military simulation technology is higher. Claim. The world's military powers have continuously improved their simulation methods and improved simulation methods in the development of a new generation of weapon systems to improve the overall efficiency of development work. The application of military simulation technology in weapon system demonstration, demonstration, development, testing, identification, improvement and improvement of troops and maintenance and training has been recognized and valued by the development and use of troops. It can greatly improve the comprehensive performance of the new generation of weapon systems, reduce the number of system physical tests, shorten the development cycle, save development costs, improve maintenance levels, extend life cycle, and strengthen military training.
Second, the development status of military simulation technology at home and abroad1. Foreign military simulation technology develops the current state
The US Department of Defense attaches great importance to the development of simulation technology. For more than a decade, the United States has consistently listed modeling and simulation as an important national defense key technology. In 1992, the "Defense Modeling and Simulation Initiative" was announced, and the National Defense Modeling and Simulation Office was established to be responsible for the implementation of the initiative: In July 1992, the US Department of Defense announced the "National Defense Science and Technology Strategy" and the "Comprehensive Simulation Environment" was Listed as one of the seven driving technologies to maintain the US military advantage; in October 1995, the US Department of Defense announced the "Modeling and Simulation Master Plan", and proposed the six main objectives of the US Department of Defense modeling and simulation; The "National Defense Technology Sector Plan" lists "modeling and simulation" as "an important technology that contributes to the four pillars that can greatly enhance military capabilities (combat readiness, modernization, force structure, sustainability). It is planned to invest 540 million U.S. dollars from 1996 to 2001 with an average annual investment of 90 million U.S. dollars. At the same time, the Defense Science Board believes that the establishment of an integrated integrated simulation environment and simulation system must address five levels of enabling technologies (ie, technologies that should be able to solve the implementation).
The first level - basic technology.
Including: fiber optic communications, integrated circuits, software tools, human behavior models, environmental models, and so on.
The second level - meta, component level technology
Including: memory, display, LAN, microprocessor, database management system, digital / analog / digital converter, modeling and simulation construction tools, test equipment.
The third level - system level technology
Including: microcomputer system, human-machine interface, long-distance communication / wide area network, computer image generation.
The fourth level - application level technology
Including: manufacturing process simulation, engineering design modeling and simulation, human simulation system, random combat simulation.
The fifth level - integrated integrated environment and modeling and simulation engineering
Including: prototype, planning, design and manufacturing, training and preparation, testing and evaluation.
Some of the above enabling technologies are solved in commercial markets, such as microcomputer systems, long-distance communication/wide-area networks, human-machine interfaces, computational image generation, database management systems, local area networks, fiber-optic communications, software engineering tools, etc., that is, most of the hardware. And network capabilities are provided by the commercial market as a mature product. In order to meet military simulation requirements, some such as manufacturing process simulation, engineering design modeling and simulation, random combat simulation, and environmental models are all solved by the Ministry of National Defense.
Mathematical models are the basis of simulation. To simulate, mathematical modeling must be performed on the object or system being simulated, that is, mathematical abstraction and mathematical description of objective objects in the objective world. The correctness of the mathematical model and its accuracy directly affect the confidence of the simulation. Therefore, after modeling, it must be verified, and the model is the evaluation process of the model. But for some components in the missile weapon system, due to its nonlinearity, it is difficult to express it accurately with mathematical models. Therefore, the missile weapon system, whether tactical or strategic, the US three armed forces attach great importance to the role of semi-physical simulation in missile development. Although this is a relatively expensive project, in the past few years, the United States, Europe, and Japan have spent a lot of money to establish a semi-physical simulation system to accelerate the development of precision-guided weapons.
Similarly, European research on simulation has always attached great importance. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) established the DIS Working Group in September 1992. In the same year, 200 members of the European academic community established the European Simulation Special Interest Group, and in the following year established the Basic Research Working Group on “Simulation of the Future: New Concepts, Tools and Applicationsâ€. Basic research and development of simulation was developed as the first priority theme. Its second theme is the development of new application areas. Especially for basic technologies like parallel and distributed simulation, an action plan will be developed around this topic on "simulation interoperability". And corresponding to the US DIS working group set up some corresponding "shadow" institutions for tracking research.
2. Development status of domestic military simulation technology
The development of military simulation technology in China has been forty years. Especially in the more than ten years since the "seventh five-year plan", the simulation technology has developed rapidly through the use of border construction and the attention of superior leaders. Outstanding performance in the following aspects:
(1) The Aerospace Electromechanical Group was built with the Beijing Simulation Center as the representative. The Science and Technology Group represented the eight major simulations of various types of new missiles, satellites, launch vehicles and torpedoes represented by the RF and infrared simulation systems of the Eighth Hospital of Shanghai. The system and the aircraft engineering simulation system for the development of new military aircraft have laid a solid foundation for the research and application of simulation technology.
(2) In the 1990s, China began to research on distributed simulation, virtual reality and other advanced simulation technologies and their applications, and carried out large-scale complex system simulation, from the performance simulation of a single weapon platform to the multi-weapon platform in the combat environment. simulation.
(3) Developed continuous system simulation language ICSLII and ICSL++ simulation environment, continuous/discrete (event) system simulation language IHSL and graphic input simulation language IFAS and other general simulation languages ​​and RF, infrared, anti-tank missiles, satellites, strategic missiles and launch vehicles Special software for semi-physical simulation. We are developing a simulation software based on high-end microcomputers, workstations, and concurrent and integrated.
(4) Video/infrared dynamic image conversion technology has been developed, and a prototype test machine capable of generating infrared dynamic images has been developed. Among them, the MOS resistance bridge array scheme has developed 64&TImes; 64 pixels, frame frequency 100HZ engineering test prototype; infrared CRT has developed 8~12μm engineering test prototype.
(5) Adhere to the principle of construction and use, and achieve remarkable results in application. Effectively applied to the development of new weapons, optimize system design, improve the performance of weapon systems; and diagnose and eliminate hidden dangers and failures, improve the quality of model development; greatly reduce the number of live ammunition tests and the number of tests, thus shortening the development cycle and saving development funds And increase the effectiveness of the weapon system's cost-effective ratio. According to the statistical data, the simulation technology can shorten the development period of missile weapons by 20~40%, save 10~30% of the number of bombs required for missile stereotype test, and reduce the number of torpedo trials by 50~80%; shorten the warship system and weapon system joint adjustment time. 40~60%. From the quantifiable figures, by the end of 1995, the simulation technology in the development of various types of missiles (including torpedoes, launch vehicles), satellites, airplanes, ships, tanks and anti-aircraft guns in China, the economic benefits of simulation reached RMB 500 million. the above.
The simulation of RF target clutter, interference and multipath effects can basically meet the requirements of the corresponding model simulation engineering construction.
Third, the development of military simulation1. Environmental simulation
Whether it is a single weapon platform performance simulation or a multi-weapon platform in a confrontational combat environment simulation, environmental simulation is an important component. In the field of environmental simulation, the United States has developed various motion simulators, such as high-precision flight simulation turntables, acceleration simulators, vacuum simulators, etc., and established a variety of solid model databases and battlefield environments (such as topography, landforms, and oceans). , atmosphere, space, etc.) database, and use virtual reality technology to establish a virtual simulation environment, virtual battlefield environment, etc., to support the needs of its various simulations.
To complete the environmental simulation, you must solve two problems.
(1) Establishment of an environmental model
The environment in military applications is ever-changing. Different terrains, geomorphology, meteorology, electromagnetic interference, noise, etc. all have different environmental characteristics. It is very complicated to establish a model with considerable confidence, so the environment simulation construction Model work should be conducted as a basic study.
(2) Environmental effects
This is a more complicated problem, in fact, it is the impact on the simulation results when the simulation environment changes dynamically. For example, warships, anti-ship missiles and sea conditions, wind, wind speed, plus multi-path environments interact with each other. These all increase the difficulty of the simulation to achieve considerable confidence.
2. Distributed Simulation Technology and Training Simulation Technology
The United States was the first country to develop distributed interactive simulation technology. In 1983, the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and the Army's collaborative research program, SIMNET, were completed in 1989, laying the technical foundation for the development of DIS. Distributed simulation includes three types of military-recognized simulations: real simulation, virtual simulation, and structural simulation. The core of distributed interaction simulation is the combination of simulation technology and network technology.
The most obvious application of distributed interactive simulation technology is multi-armed joint combat training for multi-weapon platform combat simulation. Supported by the realistic battlefield environment generated by DIS, it can perform combat simulation, master synthetic combat technology, operational principles, develop new methods and methods of combat, improve the command capability of commanders at all levels, and greatly reduce risks and high amounts. Overhead. NATO is ready to gradually import different forces from different countries into SIMNET and become a virtual battlefield. It also links the Air Combat Simulation System (AWSIMS) and the Naval Warfare Simulation System (NWSTMS). The US Army's CCTT (Melee Tactical Training System) is the first distributed interactive simulation utility system used by the United States for military training. It can realize the simulation training networking of 546 simulation workstations. The distance can span Europe and America, but it can be the United States and the United States. Field training at the NATO garrison provides a high-fidelity virtual battlefield environment. Networked exercises, compared to actual combat exercises, have low cost, less damage, security and confidentiality, repeated drills, and the program can be changed and the preparation time is short. Through networked simulation to train multiple soldiers and groups to coordinate operations, not only can the relationship between people and machines be solved, but also the synergy between people.
The United States has also vigorously developed a distributed interactive simulation system that integrates combat simulation, weaponry development, and weapon acquisition. Since the US Department of Defense developed the "Combat Simulation Laboratory" program in 1992, six combat simulation laboratories have been established to date. Using distributed interactive simulation technology, the warfare laboratory and the computers of related professionals and units can network the following tasks efficiently:
· Conduct joint training to provide a basis for developing new operational tactics, doctrines and training methods, developing operational plans, and assessing operational conditions:
· Test and evaluate the new combat capabilities and new operational ideas that new technologies can provide through computer simulation and physical simulation before the new weapon system begins to be developed or in-service weapons and equipment to improve, in order to propose new weapons; During the development of the weapon system, the system continuously simulates the test in a realistic combat test environment, which will ensure that the final system is as suitable as possible for the operational needs:
· Predict the problems in the whole process from development, production, installation, maintenance, and logistics support, including cost, to shorten the development cycle and reduce the lifetime cost.
· The Combat Simulation Laboratory has been expanded by the DIS system to incorporate simulation experiments that can respond to live real-life flight in a larger simulation environment, allowing for more complex system tests and realistic battle analysis to support advanced defense. Decision making work.
3. virtual reality technology
In recent years, the successful application of Virtual Reality technology in aerospace and military fields has achieved great economic and social benefits, and promoted the US government to further increase its support for VR technology research. VR technology can play a major role in the simulation application of weapon system performance evaluation, weapon operation training, and commanding large-scale military exercises: greatly reducing the cost required, greatly improving efficiency, and eliminating accidental casualties. Therefore, the research on VR technology supported by the US government is closely related to the system and environment that enhance these three capabilities. They intend to strengthen and improve some of VR's key technologies, including real-time interaction and display of high-speed networks and data, data fusion and output, and various levels (including terrain rendering, weather description, motion and sensing, weapon systems and effects, The fidelity on computer generated semi-autonomous forces, etc.).
The research programs of virtual reality technology applications supported by the US government are:
· SyntheTIc Theater of War Project;
· Defense SimulaTIon Internet (DSI);
· Satellite Simulation (SM);
· The Virtual Cockpit (VC).
In fact, the widespread use of VR technology, whether it is a flight simulator for successful training of drivers, or for training military combatants in virtual battlefields, or simulation-based designs including geometric shapes, transmission physical properties and dynamics On the basis of modeling, the completed virtual prototype, or the simulation process on the computer to simulate the whole process of production, to achieve the product's process specifications, processing and manufacturing of virtual products, there have been many successful cases.
In the final analysis, the so-called virtual reality is simply a digital simulation plus graphical visualization. Therefore, the basic components of a virtual system are high-performance computers, computer networks, image generation and display systems, databases (including geographic information, pneumatic data, navigation data, weather data, etc.) and corresponding human-machine interfaces and software support environments.
Fourth, the conclusionMilitary simulation technology is based on the development needs of strategic and tactical missile weapon systems. Focusing on the full life cycle simulation application of new precision strike weapons and equipment, to fully meet the needs of the development of new types of missile weapon systems and military satellite systems, fully verify the correctness of system design. During the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, breakthrough key technologies such as precision guided weapon system simulation, missile weapon system training simulation, environmental simulation, distributed interactive simulation, virtual reality simulation, etc., establish corresponding simulation test system, system simulation support environment, and give full play to simulation technology Pilot and support role in the development of the missile background model weapon equipment development, development and testing, stereotypes and evaluation, use and training, renewal and transformation.
In addition, through the study of virtual technology, the scope of its application can be expanded as much as possible, and the concepts of virtual weapon, virtual battlefield environment and virtual manufacturing can be used to transform the design method of traditional weapon systems. Virtual technology will be an important means of weapon system development and army building in the 21st century.
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