Elon Musk and Facebook's Regina Dugan made an ambitious commitment this month, saying that their latest research project on human telepathy will soon have a major scientific breakthrough. But three neuroscientists gave a clear understanding of the goals set by Facebook’s Building 8 research lab and Musk’s Neuralink.
Although the three scientists welcomed well-known well-known Silicon Valley companies to participate in the challenge, they were very skeptical of the timetable given by Dugan and Musk to unlock the secret of information transmitted from the human brain and other parts of the body. Andrew Pruszynksi, Canada’s assistant professor at Vaistown University in Ontario, Canada, and chief researcher of sensorimotor neuroscience Canada, said: “What's exciting is that these people think this is a problem worth solving, but I doubt very much within a decade. Can apply these technologies to healthy people."
He refers to the goal of Neuralink's goal of implanting electronic devices into the brains of healthy people in a decade. Musk said that this goal is to integrate the human brain with machine intelligence so that humans can deal with future increasingly powerful computers. Musk hopes to prevent artificial intelligence from being the "other" objective reality that destroys humans. Pruszinski said that the idea of ​​using machine intelligence to enhance human self-protection may be novel, but studying how the brain records sensory input and uses it to drive physical reactions has been a “very difficult problem†people have been studying since the 1960s.
There are two major challenges in this study. First, it is necessary to accurately record neural activity in the brain to understand which parts of the brain are used to record external stimuli. Second, to understand how the brain sends signals generated to the peripheral nervous system to make people move hands and feet. Or move other parts of the body. Pruszinski said: "Getting accurate information from the brain is very difficult."
And Bradley Wyble, an associate professor of psychology at Penn State who studies how the brain transforms visual stimuli into ideas, agrees. On Facebook he disputed Regina Dugan's predictions. Dugan said Facebook will develop a system that will demonstrate human input of 100 words per minute through ideas. Weber believes that this type of brain text system is "very aggressive."
At the Facebook conference in San Jose, Calif., April 19, Dugan used the term often used in computers to refer to the brain when she was talking about "speech is a compression algorithm." Weber does not agree with this. He said that although the brain is similar to computers in storing and transmitting information, "we don't understand the input and output parts, the brain has many contradictory ideas, and only a part is shared with the outside world." For example, the brain is very good at helping humans choose visual stimuli and can decide what to give up and take action.
Weber explained: “Think about the difference between finding a car key and seeing a bear walk through the house.†In the former case, the brain filters a lot of visual clues until we find the key, in the second case, The bear will immediately make a physical response. He said: "People have been studying this issue for decades and still don't know what algorithm the brain uses." Many future research will be conducted partly by invasive research, such as implanting sensors in a person's brain, compared to non-invasive. This study can produce more accurate data on neural activity.
However, because of ethical, physical and practical concerns, invasive research techniques are much more difficult to implement. “The resolution of invasive research is better by orders of magnitude,†said Graeme Moffat, a postdoctoral researcher and former vice president of research and regulatory affairs at Interaxon, Toronto’s private holding company that produces brain-sensor headband MUSE. There is an infection risk in invasive studies, which are usually prepared for patients with severe high-grade spinal cord injury or for uncontrollable seizures.
Although people with problems in the peripheral nervous system can benefit from this technique, Moffat claims that it is still far from achieving the ability to thread the line into healthy human skulls so that signals can be input directly from the brain. He said, "No one has invested resources in the research of the Facebook plan." The private sector will increase input to promote more investment from the public sector and speed up research and development.
However, he said, “Developing a real-time interface between the human brain and the outside world may take us many years.â€
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