In today's ICT industry, 5G is the focus of attention. From the perspective of 3GPP's current planning for 5G standards, it will be completed in two phases: independent mode 5G and non-independent mode 5G, while the former anchor point is LTE technology. In fact, many telecom operators are currently very interested in non-independent mode 5G. Huawei, Qualcomm, Datang and other communication technology equipment providers are pushing the 5G and deepening the technological evolution of LTE. Some experts predict that in the initial stage of 5G deployment, this model will also be adopted by some operators. With the advancement of technology wheels, more independent mode 5G deployments will occur in the future.
Non-independent mode 5G is to superimpose 5G on the LTE network, and use LTE as an anchor point, and deploy 5G new air interface on this basis. The independent mode 5G refers to using only 5G, and there is no LTE network as a bedding. From the current process of 3GPP, 5G standardization will be divided into two phases. The first phase freezes the non-independent mode 5G standard within this year; the second phase plans to complete the independent mode 5G standardization in the middle of 2018.
The predictions show that the non-independent mode 5G can achieve large-scale verification and deployment as early as 2019. In fact, in the past, some equipment manufacturers have carried out large-scale testing to support this model to achieve commercial deployment as soon as possible. The industry generally believes that the deployment of independent mode 5G will be relatively late, but will also be completed after the non-independent mode.
The latest research report jointly conducted by the GSMA Mobile Think Tank and the China Institute of Information and Communications said that before the implementation of 5G commercialization in 2020, Chinese mobile operators plan to conduct phased testing of 5G networks between 2017 and 2019. Chinese operators are expected to deploy "independent" 5G networks, including the construction of new base stations to deploy 5G devices, backbone connectivity links, and core networks. The report also mentioned that some other Asian markets are considering another option, namely the deployment of “non-independent†5G networks.
The LTE evolution technology will be an integral part of 5G. The evolution of 5G will start from the mobile broadband network. The core network of the non-independent mode 5G is the same as that of LTE. Only a new air interface base station is added to the LTE core network. That is, using the same core network as the LTE network, the existing LTE service is saved, and a new 5G service is added. It is in this mode that many LTE technology resources are preserved, which is a step-by-step approach to the transition from the existing network to 5G.
The 5G experience can be achieved through a Gigabit LTE network. For example, Qualcomm has introduced a second-generation Gigabit LTE modem that can deliver up to 1.2Gbps LTE Category 18 download rates, exceeding the 5G 1Gbps standard. It is understood that 20 operators around the world have begun to deploy Gigabit LTE networks, which is an important step towards the 5G enhanced mobile broadband experience.
In the process of 5G development, the evolution of LTE will continue, especially in the field of Internet of Things LTE. According to Deloitte's report, in addition to the popular NB-IoT and eMTC technologies, the enhanced 4G network LTE Advanced (LTE-A Pro) with many core elements of the 5G network can provide specific support for IoT devices. The LTE-A Pro uses a low-power wide area network (LPWAN) standard that supports interconnected devices with low bandwidth up to 250kbps connection rates, many of which are battery powered. This part of the network is designed to support low-power transmissions, so that the device can last for several years before replacing the battery. In addition, the LPWAN can operate at a low frequency of 180 kHz, while the current cellular network has a lower operating frequency of 600 MHz, so the signal can reach the underground floor and deep in the building, enabling connections to electricity meters, boilers, and other machines that are typically installed on the basement floor. According to forecasts, by the end of 2017, more than 200 operators around the world are likely to launch LTE-A, and more than 20 of them should already have LTE-A Pro networks.
Although different operators have different strategies for developing 5G, each operator has a certain investment in 4G. Even those operators who are very interested in 5G recognize that 4G's continuous evolution has a very good momentum. . At present, both operators and equipment manufacturers have done a lot of work on LTE, making technologies such as Gigabit LTE and LTE IoT for the Internet of Things a reality, and the non-independent mode 5G deployment is simpler and more convenient. It can help operators achieve commercialization earlier, so this has become the reason for some operators to choose this model.
Independent mode 5G will be the ultimate goalThe 5G technology wheels continue to move forward, and the entire industry will find that some new services need to be based on the next-generation 5G core network, which will support operators to migrate to new service methods. Perhaps, these new services are unimaginable and predictable at the moment, and we need independent mode 5G.
As the 5G technology matures, some operators will gradually realize that they will need some new options when deploying 5G in the future. For example, there will be new bands available for 5G or new services. In the future, the independent mode will definitely Will present a very large value. Over time, 5G's non-independent mode will transition to stand-alone mode, and more independent mode 5G deployments will emerge in the future.
Standalone mode 5G will use the new core network and air interface technology. In fact, the industry has also conducted some early tests to explore the advantages of the new mode of independent mode 5G. The reporter visited some companies and learned that whether it is non-independent mode 5G or independent mode 5G, the air interface technology used is not much different, the difference is in their interaction with the core network. That is to say, in the two modes, the same air interface technology, one is combined with the LTE core network, and the other is combined with the 5G core network. In this process, the communication protocols of the two modes are different. Therefore, from the perspective of air interface technology, the non-independent mode and the independent mode are the same, except that at a higher level, the protocols used by the two are different.
From the point of view of terminals and services, the network used by users in the future may be 4G, which may be 5G or a combination of 4G and 5G. Therefore, the terminal in the future will be multi-mode.
Now, for LTE-based non-independent mode 5G and independent mode 5G, equipment manufacturers have taken a two-pronged approach and continue to promote the evolution of LTE while pushing forward the development of 5G. Is it with LTE "continuing the frontier" or "starting another stove"? In the end, operators must also make choices based on their actual situation.
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