Low-voltage electrical equipment refers to electrical equipment that operates in circuits with AC voltage less than 1200V and DC voltage less than 1500V, functions as on/off, protection, control or regulation, and uses electrical energy to control, protect and regulate non-electrical and non-electrical devices. Electrical Equipment. Most of the load on the power system is supplied through low-voltage electrical appliances. Most of the various production machinery and equipment of power users are powered by low voltage. In the huge low-voltage power distribution system and low-voltage power system, a large number of low-voltage electrical appliances for control and protection are required.
A low-voltage electrical appliance is a component or device that can manually or automatically turn the circuit on or off according to external signals and requirements to switch, control, protect, detect, change and adjust the circuit or non-electrical object. According to the working voltage of the control electric appliance, it can be divided into two categories: high-voltage control electric appliance and low-voltage control electric appliance, with the boundary of AC 1200V and DC 1500V. In general, low-voltage electrical appliances can be divided into two major categories of distribution electrical appliances and control electrical appliances, and are the basic components of complete electrical equipment. In the industrial, agricultural, transportation, defense, and people's electricity sectors, most use low-voltage power supply, so the quality of electrical components will directly affect the reliability of low-voltage power supply systems.
1. According to the action mode can be divided into:
(1) Manual electrical appliances--Electrical appliances that rely on direct external operation to switch, such as knife switches and push button switches.
(2) Automatic electrical appliances - electrical appliances that operate automatically by commands or physical quantities, such as contactors and relays.
2. According to the use can be divided into:
(1) Low-voltage control electrical appliances--mainly play a controlling role in low-voltage power distribution systems and power equipment, such as knife switches and low-voltage circuit breakers.
(2) Low-voltage protection electrical appliances - mainly play a protective role in low-voltage power distribution systems and power equipment, such as fuses, thermal relays, etc.
3. According to the type can be divided into:
Knife switches, blade switches, fuses, low voltage circuit breakers, contactors, relays, mains and automatic switches.
Low-voltage electrical appliances generally have two basic parts: one is the sensing part, which senses the external signal and makes a regular reaction. In the self-controlled electrical appliance, the sensing part is mostly composed of an electromagnetic mechanism, in the controlled electrical appliance, the sense The measuring part is usually an operating handle or the like; the other is an executing part, such as a contact that is turned on or off according to an instruction.
The role of low-voltage electrical appliancesThe low-voltage electrical appliance can automatically or manually change the state and parameters of the circuit according to the requirements of the operation signal or the external field signal to realize the control, protection, measurement, indication and adjustment of the circuit or the controlled object. The role of low-voltage electrical appliances is:
(1) Control role. Such as the elevator's up and down movement, fast and slow automatic switching and automatic stop layer.
(2) Protection. According to the characteristics of the equipment, the equipment, the environment, and the human body can be automatically protected, such as overheat protection of the motor, short circuit protection of the power grid, and leakage protection.
(3) Measurement function. Use instruments and their appropriate electrical appliances to measure equipment, power grid or other non-electrical parameters such as current, voltage, power, speed, temperature, humidity, etc.
(4) Regulation. Low-voltage electrical appliances can adjust some of the power and non-electricity to meet the requirements of users, such as the adjustment of the throttle of the diesel engine, the adjustment of the temperature and humidity of the room, and the automatic adjustment of the illumination.
(5) Indication. Using the functions of control and protection of low-voltage electrical appliances, the operating conditions of the equipment and the working conditions of the electrical circuits, such as insulation monitoring and protection of card-off instructions, are detected.
(6) Conversion effect. Switch between the electrical equipment or put the low-voltage electrical appliances and control circuits into operation in time to realize the function switching, such as the manual and automatic conversion of the excitation device, the switching of the power supply and the self-supplied power.
Of course, the role of low-voltage electrical appliances is far more than this. With the development of science and technology, new functions and new equipment will continue to emerge. The main types and uses of commonly used low-voltage electrical appliances are shown in the table.
The requirements for low-voltage distribution electrical equipment are strong arc-extinguishing ability, good breaking capacity, good thermal stability and accurate current limiting. For low-voltage control appliances, it requires reliable operation, high operating frequency, long life and a certain load capacity.
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