Industry applications such as credit cards, e-tickets, access cards, e-wallets, etc., personal applications to meet people's daily needs, can be applied to clothing, food, housing, work and entertainment.
At present, there are many widely used NFC services in China, but they are all in each group. Each application needs to establish a separate system, such as unit access card, bus card, ETC (Electronic Toll CollecTIon). Each set of separate applications must have a system in place. Every time an NFC application is used, the user needs to bring a card or a device, which brings a lot of inconvenience to the user.
The mobile communication terminal has the advantage of integrating the NFC application, the wireless network can provide the information for any application and any place, and the security mechanism of the mobile communication system can also be used by the NFC service, especially the smart card used in the mobile communication terminal, which is NFC. The implementation of the business in the mobile terminal provides a lot of practical mechanisms.
2 Smart card and NFC businessMobile communication terminals, which are often referred to as mobile phones, have unique advantages to become the carrier of the NFC service user side, mainly in the following three aspects: First, many people have mobile phones, and NFC business user side modules are implanted into mobile phones. Second, the mobile phone is a wireless communication terminal, NFC is also a wireless communication, the NFC device is placed on the mobile phone, and some devices and devices such as an antenna and a radio frequency part can be shared; third, the mobile phone The user identification module is a powerful smart card that provides functions such as authentication and accounting in mobile communication. In addition, some new technologies in the smart card, such as GP (GlobalPfalf0rm), can manage applications and provide installation for applications. Download, delete and other functions, and these features can meet some of the needs of NFC. Therefore, the NFC method discussed in this paper is built into the mobile communication terminal and is based on the implementation of the smart card.
The main function of the smart card is the user's authentication and authentication. The sneaker called the SlM (Subsc riber IdenTIty Module) card used in the 2G GSM network is called the USIM (Universal Subscriber IdenTIty Module). Identification module) card. The SIM card and the USIM card are important entities for network authentication authentication. Since the storage of private data and the calculation of security processes are performed in smart cards, there is a high degree of security and a high level of security for NFC applications.
The smart card used in the telecommunications field has 8 contacts, but generally only 6 of them are used in daily use. The remaining two contacts are generally reserved, and the NFC service can utilize the two reserved contacts. Antenna connection.
As an important technology for smart cards. GP (GIObaI Platfo rm) provides an effective solution for smart cards to support multiple applications. The GP standardization organization was established in January 1999 by VISA InternaTIonal. Its goal is to reduce the barriers brought by the growth of cross-industry and multi-application smart cards, and smart card publishers will be free to choose cards, terminals and backgrounds based on IEl. system. The organization was established with the rise of smart cards. Many industries, such as banks, public transportation, mobile communications, etc., use smart cards for electronic consumption or authentication, which may result in users needing to carry many cards. The GP provides a solution for integrating multiple applications on a single card for portability and cost reduction.
After the introduction of GP, the roles associated with smart cards are:
â—† Application Provider: An organization that owns an application and is responsible for the behavior of the application;
â—† Card issuer: An organization that owns a card and ultimately is responsible for the behavior of the card;
â—† card user;
â—† Out-of-card entity: A terminal that communicates with the card to complete session communication:
â—† Certification Control Authority: A third party outside the card issuer and application developer can provide a security domain for identity authentication and download applications;
â—† Application: As part of the software, its role is to achieve certain functions on the card.
The basic services provided by GP include:
â—† Dynamic management card space: download, install, and delete applications that carry different security requirements through different security domains;
â—† Card and application lifecycle management: Manage the lifecycle status of cards and applications through the registry;
â—† Distribution of card commands: Commands are distributed through card management, which is equivalent to adding a layer of filtering. Provides a security guarantee;
â—† Card Key Management: Manage key sub-component IDs. Different security domains also manage a key set of the security domain to provide different levels of security management.
GP's introduction of smart cards provides an effective means of managing and scheduling multiple applications. By implementing multiple NFC services on a single mobile phone, we are pursuing the goal. We hope to use a mobile phone to implement credit card and access control. , bus, etc., rather than carrying multiple cards or multiple devices as in the past. It can be said that GP provides an effective bridge and link for providing multiple NFC services for smart cards. But unfortunately, the current multi-application management of GP applied to smart cards is rare in China. Many manufacturers use self-developed mechanisms for managing multiple applications.
3 Based on smart card NFC implementation and comparisonIn the NFC implementation, the user side device supports three modes: card emulation mode, reader mode, and peer-to-peer communication mode. The card emulation mode means that the user side device can be used as a card, and the card reader can read and write data in the card, such as the car side device in the ETC and the bus card used in our daily use; the reader mode is that the device on the user side can be used as the card reader. To read and write another card; peer-to-peer communication mode means that users can use NFC devices to complete Bluetooth-like point-to-point connections to transfer files or play online games.
The NFC implementation based on smart cards is generally implemented by using existing smart cards and RF modules. At present, there are mainly three types of NFC implementations based on smart cards:
(1) eNFC technology
The eNFC technology is standardized by ETSI with a working frequency of 13.56 MHz and a communication distance of 4 cm. Card analog mode, reader mode and peer-to-peer communication mode can be realized, but the support of antenna and control chip is required in the mobile phone, and there are not many mobile phone models currently supported.
(2) SlMPass
The dual interface SIM card technology is mainly pushed by a SIM card supplier, and the working frequency is 13 56MHz. SIMPass only supports non-contact IC card applications. The RFpass can be provided to the SIMpass without the need to modify the phone and connect the antenna directly to the SIMPass. This solution has the advantages of low cost of the antenna assembly, and the user does not need to replace the mobile phone, which is beneficial to the application of the SIMpass; the disadvantage is that two of the contacts retained in the SIM card are used, resulting in the inability to use new technologies such as IC-USB, and The connected cable is easily damaged.
(3) RF-SIM
RF-SIM is a highly integrated way to package both RF and antenna inside the SIM card. Currently RF-SIM supports frequencies up to 2 45 GHz. With different reader modules and equipment, the working distance can be controlled in the range of 4 cm, 5 m and 50 m. Card emulation mode, reader mode, and peer-to-peer communication mode can be implemented. RF-SIM does not have any requirements for mobile phones. However, the frequency of RF-SIM is inconsistent with most card readers currently on the market. It is necessary to replace a large number of card readers for large-scale promotion, and the cost of RF-SIM cards is much higher than that of ordinary smart cards.
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