International "PV" Giant Solarworld submits application for China's "anti-dumping" investigation of PV products to the European Union. More than two months later, on August 28th, three companies in Jiangsu PV Group, including Suntech, issued a request to the Jiangsu Provincial Government. The letter hopes that the state will intervene to prevent the EU's anti-dumping case from filing and save the domestic photovoltaic industry from being caught in the fire.
“The possibility of intervention is not great, and even if the country's intervention is successful, it will not be a good thing for China's photovoltaic industry.†Lan Jianping, director of the Zhejiang Institute of Industrial Economics, pointed out to the newspaper on the 29th that not only photovoltaic, but also the entire Chinese economy will develop in the future. All should focus on expanding the domestic market.
Chinese PV companies have not shown signs of warming since the "double reverse" in Europe and the United States.
The newspaper was exclusively informed that “Zhejiang Zhengtai Solar Energy Technology Co., Ltd.â€, a subsidiary of the Zhengtai Group, which is the leading company of solar cell (photovoltaic) power generation thin-film silicon cell technology, is currently streamlining its thin-film silicon cell and crystalline silicon sector.
“At the end of this month, the thin-film silicon battery department would not have existed.†On the afternoon of August 24, Fang Hongbo (a pseudonym) of Zhengtai Solar Thin Film Silicon Battery Division in Binjiang, Hangzhou, lamented that the original department of two or three hundred people is now only There are more than 100 people, and most of these employees will also leave the company or go to the crystal silicon department at the end of this month.
In the sluggish news of layoffs, although the direct factor is the US and European debt crisis and “double oppositionâ€, it highlights the overcapacity of China's photovoltaic capacity. "Last 20 years of global solar energy demand (GW), but China's production capacity has reached more than 30 GW, the world's top ten solar energy companies in China accounted for 78." An inconvenient photovoltaic expert from Zhejiang University told the newspaper .
Suspended thin-film silicon cell production line On August 30th, a group of employees in the relevant departments of Zhengtai Photovoltaic Power Generation confirmed to reporters that the “optimization†of personnel in the thin-film silicon cell division began in April this year.
"The choice given is to switch to the silicon wafer division or take N (working years) + 1 month's compensation for the departure." Fang Hongbo said that most middle-level engineers have left in June and most of the rest are workshops. Most of the directors and front-line workers are preparing to transfer to the crystal silicon department.
The main reasons why engineers chose to leave are the limited demand in the crystalline silicon sector, and the thin-film silicon and crystalline silicon technologies are very different. After the transfer to the department, the level may also decline. The first-line workshop employees themselves have low technical requirements and can still send in the new department. use.
The person in charge of the inconvenience of the relevant photovoltaic industry department confirmed that at this stage, the industrialization of thin-film silicon battery power generation is difficult, and it is necessary to temporarily simplify the adjustment, and may leave part of the R&D personnel into the group research institute and continue with related research and development.
The reporter learned from the personnel department of Zhengtai Solar Energy Co., Ltd. that Zhengtai New Energy Company has crystal silicon, thin-film silicon batteries and other departments. The thin-film silicon cell division is divided into six parts: equipment, process, production, and research and development. It used to be about two to three hundred people. "A lot of R&D personnel are doctors from abroad, masters of process technicians, and most of the others are undergraduate or specialist." .
In February 2009, CHINT's second-generation thin-film silicon cell solar cell products were formally released in Hangzhou. “The size of Zhengtai solar is not large, but its thin-film silicon cell technology is a leader in China.†The Zhejiang University experts said.
Fang Hongbo, who entered undergraduate education at that time, was very excited. “The entrance requirements are very high, and the students around me are very envious.â€
At that time, the company armed the most advanced production equipment in the country. In the past two or three years, next to the original 30 MW thin-film silicon cell production line workshop, another second-generation thin-film silicon cell production line with a capacity of 90 megawatts was born. In 2009, another plan is to invest 2 billion 240-megawatt silicon thin-film solar cell projects. The project will be completed in Wenzhou in 2011. It has not yet started construction.
According to several employees, the two production lines in Hangzhou, the first to cost more than 100 million US dollars to import all the equipment from the Swiss Oerlikon, the second only costs more than 200 million yuan to import the core equipment, the rest of the independent integration.
For the first two years of Chint Solar, orders were placed in half a year. In July of this year, the Zhejiang Science and Technology Department also held the Acceptance Meeting of Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Thin-film Silicon Battery Power Generation Technology in Zhengtai, affirming its successful production of the first silicon-based thin-film silicon solar cell pilot line.
Today, an inconvenient employee in the thin-film silicon cell division revealed that the thin-film silicon cell production line with a total investment of several hundred million yuan has not yet been debugged to its target performance. In September, it faced a complete shutdown.
In the factory area of ​​Chint Riverside on the 24th, the reporter saw that the second floor of the office building of the thin-film silicon battery department had been vacant, and one production line had been closed; even the staff of the Silicon Silicon Division reported that they would face about 15% layoffs and people’s hearts. Some of my colleagues began to search for job-hopping information.
Photovoltaic province Jiangsu is not optimistic. Photovoltaic industrial parks in Changzhou, Wuxi, Jintan, Changshu, Zhenjiang, Yangzhou, Yancheng, etc., “Almost on the verge of collapse, the products can be sold at a lossâ€. Nearly 10,000 employees of a large PV company in Jiangsu told the newspaper.
According to the above-mentioned experts from Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Yuhui Solar Energy Co., Ltd., the largest solar energy company in Zhejiang, is still in a state of low profit and maintenance despite its good management.
The plight of the photovoltaic industry is not only conductive to enterprises, but “photovoltaic companies invest mainly through bank loans, and some even local governments instigate banks, or use bank loans to guarantee loans.†An inconvenienced person in Jiangsu pointed out that the current I have not heard of any company that has paid off the money.
Winter demand for external demand "is limited by the technical photoelectric conversion rate, and the cost of high equipment acquisition, thin-film silicon batteries have been in losses for the past three years." The above-mentioned Zhengtai related departments said.
Wages are also not small expenses. The person in charge said that the original silicon wafer battery unit has two or three hundred employees, with wages ranging from RMB 3,000 to RMB 8,000 per month. However, orders cannot go up. CHINT's orders in the Southeast Asian market are only scheduled for September.
Affected by the European debt crisis, the European market, which accounts for 70% of China's solar energy products, has dropped significantly. Coupled with the “double opposition†of the United States, the export market is basically “frozen,†and domestic and emerging market share have remained small.
At present, there are only a few companies that have a lot of sales channels. They can also get orders from some foreign countries. "Your boss can do it, but you can pull a list." An employee of a photovoltaic company in Beijing was ridiculed by his colleagues in Hangzhou.
At present, although leading players such as Suntech have taken the lead in asking for help from the government, it is still unclear how to prevent the anti-dumping case against foreign countries. The global photovoltaic industry is in recession. In March of this year, the world's giant of thin-film silicon battery equipment supply, the solar energy division of Switzerland Oerlikon Group, has been acquired by Tokyo Electronics.
Shen Fuxin, secretary general of the Zhejiang Provincial Solar Energy Industry Association, admitted that in the past few years, the photovoltaic industry in Zhejiang Province has developed rapidly. “This year, it has reduced more than 20, plus auxiliary materials, leaving about 300 companies, corporate profits have basically dropped to the end, and then dropped again. It's time to lose money."
Now, weary companies do not have the "strength" to support expensive technology research.
It is understood that a production line of thin-film silicon batteries with a capacity of 100 MW (megawatts) will cost at least a billion dollars in equipment. If it reaches the GW level, it will cost several billion yuan.
Meng Liang, R&D engineer of Nano and Advanced Materials Research & Development Institute, organized by the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, said that although thin-film silicon cells consume less energy than crystalline silicon, the biggest disadvantage of thin-film silicon cells is that they are “two outâ€: the equipment needs a vacuum, and Imported from abroad, 90% of products are sold abroad. Also, thin-film silicon cell related equipment needs repeated debugging.
"Suzhou once had companies that imported equipment worth several hundred million yuan from Germany. It has not been successful for two years." Meng Liang said.
And, he said, thin film silicon battery technology is still not mature. At present, in the laboratory, the conversion rate of crystalline silicon and thin-film silicon cells can reach about 18-20%, but in the actual production process, the official data of Chint shows that the conversion rate of thin-film silicon cells is only about 11%.
The bubble reflections have come back. Everyone relied on the swarms of photovoltaic companies in previous years.
According to an expert from the newspaper who did not wish to be identified, it was learned that in 2008, local governments had great pressure on energy saving and emission reduction, and they were eager to promote the momentum of the new energy industry. Enterprises that originally made textiles and shoes thought they were finding new ones. Investment hotspots have swept into photovoltaics. However, it was only later that the road to photovoltaic development was long and arduous due to the fact that the technology was not mature, the power grid and other facilities were not perfect, and the electricity price subsidies were not straightened out.
The government subsidies that were originally available from industrial electricity prices to residential electricity prices are now also controversial. Wenzhou, a former textile company, entered the photovoltaic industry in 2008, the person in charge of SMEs told this newspaper that the government has not given any subsidies in the near future, and he understands that other corporate subsidies have shrunk.
The Zhejiang University experts stated frankly that as the price of power generation declines, the decline in subsidies is normal, but in the case of local fiscal tightening and the photovoltaic industry is unlikely to make major changes within a few years, the cancellation of subsidies may also be unavoidable. “Is the subsidy not excessive? ?"
Lan Jianping, director of the Zhejiang Institute of Industrial Economics, said that the current situation is unlikely to change significantly in the next three to five years. In particular, for a sector with a severe overcapacity, government subsidy assistance will only be counterproductive.
“As for the high-energy-consuming projects such as monocrystalline silicon, we even recommend the early transfer,†said Zhao.
In the absence of government support, companies can only declare bankruptcy if they do not have loans.
In contrast, the Sino-U.S. joint venture Chint New Energy was fortunate. An informed person close to the Chint Group revealed that the company has venture capital participation. It is not the owner who uses the bank loan, and the Chint Group itself is financially strong and will not appear large. crisis.
On the other hand, some photovoltaic power plant projects that the country actively supported earlier also failed to achieve the expected results due to ineffective support measures.
According to the above-mentioned experts from Zhejiang University, in July 2009, the State Ministry of Finance launched the Golden Sun Project, which provided subsidies for photovoltaic power generation of up to 50%. Since last year, some of these projects have come to a standstill. Moreover, the overall production capacity of these demonstration projects such as power stations is only about 2 GW. "This year has increased, but it is also unlikely to exceed 5 GW at most."
He said that according to the current cost, the input cost of a 1GW power station exceeds 10 billion yuan. To reach the original capacity of 30 GW, it needs to invest 300 billion yuan in the initial period, but in the case of a small market demand, this part of the cost is difficult to pay back.
Moreover, the key network access problem for the construction of power stations has not been solved. “The reason is that the amount of solar energy generated is smaller than traditional energy sources, and the quality is not high, and the power output is not yet stable. The share of solar power generation accounts for more than 10%, will cause impact on the existing power grid. "The above Zhejiang University experts said.
Meng Liang said that it is not easy to get a share from the traditional power generation system. What's more, the overall conversion rate of solar energy technology is only over 10%, which is far below the conversion rate of 70-80% for gasoline and coal.
In the face of demand difficulties, some companies are seeking opportunities to build factories abroad. Zhao Yonghong told this newspaper that Vientiane, Jianshan Optoelectronics, and Hong Chen have already had solar plants in foreign countries in Zhejiang, and Chint has been in contact with them before.
The next step in the transformation of photovoltaic production capacity is also mentioned.
Meng Liang pointed out that the international market for crystalline silicon has already reached a scale of 100 billion and has not reached the brink of collapse. “The thin-film silicon battery market has been brewing for so many years and it is time for a breakthrough.†Meng pointed out that thin-film silicon batteries can be used in the construction of exterior glass, mobile phone film, laptops, and clothes for charging.
“The possibility of intervention is not great, and even if the country's intervention is successful, it will not be a good thing for China's photovoltaic industry.†Lan Jianping, director of the Zhejiang Institute of Industrial Economics, pointed out to the newspaper on the 29th that not only photovoltaic, but also the entire Chinese economy will develop in the future. All should focus on expanding the domestic market.
Chinese PV companies have not shown signs of warming since the "double reverse" in Europe and the United States.
The newspaper was exclusively informed that “Zhejiang Zhengtai Solar Energy Technology Co., Ltd.â€, a subsidiary of the Zhengtai Group, which is the leading company of solar cell (photovoltaic) power generation thin-film silicon cell technology, is currently streamlining its thin-film silicon cell and crystalline silicon sector.
“At the end of this month, the thin-film silicon battery department would not have existed.†On the afternoon of August 24, Fang Hongbo (a pseudonym) of Zhengtai Solar Thin Film Silicon Battery Division in Binjiang, Hangzhou, lamented that the original department of two or three hundred people is now only There are more than 100 people, and most of these employees will also leave the company or go to the crystal silicon department at the end of this month.
In the sluggish news of layoffs, although the direct factor is the US and European debt crisis and “double oppositionâ€, it highlights the overcapacity of China's photovoltaic capacity. "Last 20 years of global solar energy demand (GW), but China's production capacity has reached more than 30 GW, the world's top ten solar energy companies in China accounted for 78." An inconvenient photovoltaic expert from Zhejiang University told the newspaper .
Suspended thin-film silicon cell production line On August 30th, a group of employees in the relevant departments of Zhengtai Photovoltaic Power Generation confirmed to reporters that the “optimization†of personnel in the thin-film silicon cell division began in April this year.
"The choice given is to switch to the silicon wafer division or take N (working years) + 1 month's compensation for the departure." Fang Hongbo said that most middle-level engineers have left in June and most of the rest are workshops. Most of the directors and front-line workers are preparing to transfer to the crystal silicon department.
The main reasons why engineers chose to leave are the limited demand in the crystalline silicon sector, and the thin-film silicon and crystalline silicon technologies are very different. After the transfer to the department, the level may also decline. The first-line workshop employees themselves have low technical requirements and can still send in the new department. use.
The person in charge of the inconvenience of the relevant photovoltaic industry department confirmed that at this stage, the industrialization of thin-film silicon battery power generation is difficult, and it is necessary to temporarily simplify the adjustment, and may leave part of the R&D personnel into the group research institute and continue with related research and development.
The reporter learned from the personnel department of Zhengtai Solar Energy Co., Ltd. that Zhengtai New Energy Company has crystal silicon, thin-film silicon batteries and other departments. The thin-film silicon cell division is divided into six parts: equipment, process, production, and research and development. It used to be about two to three hundred people. "A lot of R&D personnel are doctors from abroad, masters of process technicians, and most of the others are undergraduate or specialist." .
In February 2009, CHINT's second-generation thin-film silicon cell solar cell products were formally released in Hangzhou. “The size of Zhengtai solar is not large, but its thin-film silicon cell technology is a leader in China.†The Zhejiang University experts said.
Fang Hongbo, who entered undergraduate education at that time, was very excited. “The entrance requirements are very high, and the students around me are very envious.â€
At that time, the company armed the most advanced production equipment in the country. In the past two or three years, next to the original 30 MW thin-film silicon cell production line workshop, another second-generation thin-film silicon cell production line with a capacity of 90 megawatts was born. In 2009, another plan is to invest 2 billion 240-megawatt silicon thin-film solar cell projects. The project will be completed in Wenzhou in 2011. It has not yet started construction.
According to several employees, the two production lines in Hangzhou, the first to cost more than 100 million US dollars to import all the equipment from the Swiss Oerlikon, the second only costs more than 200 million yuan to import the core equipment, the rest of the independent integration.
For the first two years of Chint Solar, orders were placed in half a year. In July of this year, the Zhejiang Science and Technology Department also held the Acceptance Meeting of Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Thin-film Silicon Battery Power Generation Technology in Zhengtai, affirming its successful production of the first silicon-based thin-film silicon solar cell pilot line.
Today, an inconvenient employee in the thin-film silicon cell division revealed that the thin-film silicon cell production line with a total investment of several hundred million yuan has not yet been debugged to its target performance. In September, it faced a complete shutdown.
In the factory area of ​​Chint Riverside on the 24th, the reporter saw that the second floor of the office building of the thin-film silicon battery department had been vacant, and one production line had been closed; even the staff of the Silicon Silicon Division reported that they would face about 15% layoffs and people’s hearts. Some of my colleagues began to search for job-hopping information.
Photovoltaic province Jiangsu is not optimistic. Photovoltaic industrial parks in Changzhou, Wuxi, Jintan, Changshu, Zhenjiang, Yangzhou, Yancheng, etc., “Almost on the verge of collapse, the products can be sold at a lossâ€. Nearly 10,000 employees of a large PV company in Jiangsu told the newspaper.
According to the above-mentioned experts from Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Yuhui Solar Energy Co., Ltd., the largest solar energy company in Zhejiang, is still in a state of low profit and maintenance despite its good management.
The plight of the photovoltaic industry is not only conductive to enterprises, but “photovoltaic companies invest mainly through bank loans, and some even local governments instigate banks, or use bank loans to guarantee loans.†An inconvenienced person in Jiangsu pointed out that the current I have not heard of any company that has paid off the money.
Winter demand for external demand "is limited by the technical photoelectric conversion rate, and the cost of high equipment acquisition, thin-film silicon batteries have been in losses for the past three years." The above-mentioned Zhengtai related departments said.
Wages are also not small expenses. The person in charge said that the original silicon wafer battery unit has two or three hundred employees, with wages ranging from RMB 3,000 to RMB 8,000 per month. However, orders cannot go up. CHINT's orders in the Southeast Asian market are only scheduled for September.
Affected by the European debt crisis, the European market, which accounts for 70% of China's solar energy products, has dropped significantly. Coupled with the “double opposition†of the United States, the export market is basically “frozen,†and domestic and emerging market share have remained small.
At present, there are only a few companies that have a lot of sales channels. They can also get orders from some foreign countries. "Your boss can do it, but you can pull a list." An employee of a photovoltaic company in Beijing was ridiculed by his colleagues in Hangzhou.
At present, although leading players such as Suntech have taken the lead in asking for help from the government, it is still unclear how to prevent the anti-dumping case against foreign countries. The global photovoltaic industry is in recession. In March of this year, the world's giant of thin-film silicon battery equipment supply, the solar energy division of Switzerland Oerlikon Group, has been acquired by Tokyo Electronics.
Shen Fuxin, secretary general of the Zhejiang Provincial Solar Energy Industry Association, admitted that in the past few years, the photovoltaic industry in Zhejiang Province has developed rapidly. “This year, it has reduced more than 20, plus auxiliary materials, leaving about 300 companies, corporate profits have basically dropped to the end, and then dropped again. It's time to lose money."
Now, weary companies do not have the "strength" to support expensive technology research.
It is understood that a production line of thin-film silicon batteries with a capacity of 100 MW (megawatts) will cost at least a billion dollars in equipment. If it reaches the GW level, it will cost several billion yuan.
Meng Liang, R&D engineer of Nano and Advanced Materials Research & Development Institute, organized by the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, said that although thin-film silicon cells consume less energy than crystalline silicon, the biggest disadvantage of thin-film silicon cells is that they are “two outâ€: the equipment needs a vacuum, and Imported from abroad, 90% of products are sold abroad. Also, thin-film silicon cell related equipment needs repeated debugging.
"Suzhou once had companies that imported equipment worth several hundred million yuan from Germany. It has not been successful for two years." Meng Liang said.
And, he said, thin film silicon battery technology is still not mature. At present, in the laboratory, the conversion rate of crystalline silicon and thin-film silicon cells can reach about 18-20%, but in the actual production process, the official data of Chint shows that the conversion rate of thin-film silicon cells is only about 11%.
The bubble reflections have come back. Everyone relied on the swarms of photovoltaic companies in previous years.
According to an expert from the newspaper who did not wish to be identified, it was learned that in 2008, local governments had great pressure on energy saving and emission reduction, and they were eager to promote the momentum of the new energy industry. Enterprises that originally made textiles and shoes thought they were finding new ones. Investment hotspots have swept into photovoltaics. However, it was only later that the road to photovoltaic development was long and arduous due to the fact that the technology was not mature, the power grid and other facilities were not perfect, and the electricity price subsidies were not straightened out.
The government subsidies that were originally available from industrial electricity prices to residential electricity prices are now also controversial. Wenzhou, a former textile company, entered the photovoltaic industry in 2008, the person in charge of SMEs told this newspaper that the government has not given any subsidies in the near future, and he understands that other corporate subsidies have shrunk.
The Zhejiang University experts stated frankly that as the price of power generation declines, the decline in subsidies is normal, but in the case of local fiscal tightening and the photovoltaic industry is unlikely to make major changes within a few years, the cancellation of subsidies may also be unavoidable. “Is the subsidy not excessive? ?"
Lan Jianping, director of the Zhejiang Institute of Industrial Economics, said that the current situation is unlikely to change significantly in the next three to five years. In particular, for a sector with a severe overcapacity, government subsidy assistance will only be counterproductive.
“As for the high-energy-consuming projects such as monocrystalline silicon, we even recommend the early transfer,†said Zhao.
In the absence of government support, companies can only declare bankruptcy if they do not have loans.
In contrast, the Sino-U.S. joint venture Chint New Energy was fortunate. An informed person close to the Chint Group revealed that the company has venture capital participation. It is not the owner who uses the bank loan, and the Chint Group itself is financially strong and will not appear large. crisis.
On the other hand, some photovoltaic power plant projects that the country actively supported earlier also failed to achieve the expected results due to ineffective support measures.
According to the above-mentioned experts from Zhejiang University, in July 2009, the State Ministry of Finance launched the Golden Sun Project, which provided subsidies for photovoltaic power generation of up to 50%. Since last year, some of these projects have come to a standstill. Moreover, the overall production capacity of these demonstration projects such as power stations is only about 2 GW. "This year has increased, but it is also unlikely to exceed 5 GW at most."
He said that according to the current cost, the input cost of a 1GW power station exceeds 10 billion yuan. To reach the original capacity of 30 GW, it needs to invest 300 billion yuan in the initial period, but in the case of a small market demand, this part of the cost is difficult to pay back.
Moreover, the key network access problem for the construction of power stations has not been solved. “The reason is that the amount of solar energy generated is smaller than traditional energy sources, and the quality is not high, and the power output is not yet stable. The share of solar power generation accounts for more than 10%, will cause impact on the existing power grid. "The above Zhejiang University experts said.
Meng Liang said that it is not easy to get a share from the traditional power generation system. What's more, the overall conversion rate of solar energy technology is only over 10%, which is far below the conversion rate of 70-80% for gasoline and coal.
In the face of demand difficulties, some companies are seeking opportunities to build factories abroad. Zhao Yonghong told this newspaper that Vientiane, Jianshan Optoelectronics, and Hong Chen have already had solar plants in foreign countries in Zhejiang, and Chint has been in contact with them before.
The next step in the transformation of photovoltaic production capacity is also mentioned.
Meng Liang pointed out that the international market for crystalline silicon has already reached a scale of 100 billion and has not reached the brink of collapse. “The thin-film silicon battery market has been brewing for so many years and it is time for a breakthrough.†Meng pointed out that thin-film silicon batteries can be used in the construction of exterior glass, mobile phone film, laptops, and clothes for charging.
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