Today's core language
June 24, according to the "New York Times" online version, China's largest chip maker SMIC has developed a new plan to help it narrow the gap with its competitors, but also found a partner that seems unlikely, to help It implements its own plan. SMIC said on Tuesday that it will form a joint venture with Qualcomm and a well-known Belgian microelectronics research center to help develop and produce advanced chips for servers and smartphones. For more information on technology, please pay attention to the daily electronic core morning newspaper.
First, the semiconductor
1. Qualcomm and SMIC form a joint venture or improve relations with the government. June 24, according to the "New York Times" online version, China's largest chip maker SMIC has developed a new plan to help it narrow the gap with its competitors, but also found a partner that seems unlikely, to help It implements its own plan. SMIC said on Tuesday that it will form a joint venture with Qualcomm and a well-known Belgian microelectronics research center to help develop and produce advanced chips for servers and smartphones.
2, 10nm process is expected to further reduce the cost of the chip. The semiconductor supply chain is facing more and more challenges, but the 10nm node will have a greater chance to get more benefits from the miniaturization of new technology processes. According to the International Business Strategy (IBS) analysis, the gate cost of the 20nm and 16/14nm processes will be higher than the previous generation technology. After the 16nm/14nm gate cost continues to increase, it is expected to decrease at 10nm.
Second, intelligent hardware
1. The next generation iPhone uses new packaging technology to give the battery more space. In March of this year, there was news that Apple was planning to use both PCB boards and new SiP packaging technology on the next generation of iPhone. Now the news from Taiwan has further confirmed the reliability of this statement. The next-generation iPhone with the new packaging technology will reserve more space inside to place the battery.
2. iPhone without Home button? Apple hopes to design this way. According to Taiwanese media DigiTImes, Apple is developing a new solution, and the future iPhone may cancel the physical "Home" button and transfer the Touch ID fingerprint sensor to the bottom of the screen. The above technology is known as the "touch and display driver integration" single-chip solution, which integrates a fingerprint sensor, meaning that the iPhone can cancel the physical "Home" button and replace the front panel with a single glass screen. In addition, Apple is also experimenting with other technologies, such as touch technology and display driver chips.
Future iPhones may cancel the entity "Home" button (picture from BGR)
Third, the processor
1. The Atmel processor allows electronic devices to last for more than 10 years. Atmel, a San Juan-based microcontroller manufacturer, has announced an ultra-low-power SAM L21 32-bit ARM MCU that will last for more than a decade before or during battery replacement. The SAM L21 advertises a working power consumption of only 35 microamps/MHz and sleep power consumption is only 200 nanoamps/MHz. In comparison, current low-power MCUs consume between 120 and 160 microamps per MHz. In addition to low power consumption, the SAM L21 offers a new and unique feature called the Power Domain, which contains power profiles for the various parts or functions of the MPU. Normally, the MPU uses these configuration files to completely turn off the unneeded parts and functions of the MPU and only enable the necessary functions. In addition, when the necessary functions are activated, the hardware power consumption responsible for these functions can also be adjusted to a minimum.
Fourth, automotive electronics
1. Jaguar reduces accidents by monitoring brain waves. According to foreign media reports, how to improve driving safety is one of the most important goals of major auto manufacturers. Recently, Jaguar Land Rover launched a program called Mind Sense, which may be able to prevent traffic accidents from occurring at the source, and its principle is achieved by monitoring the driver's brain waves.
2, Samsung "transparent" trucks on the road test, can reduce accidents. On June 23, according to CNN, Samsung is conducting a road test on a safe truck technology that will make the car "transparent" and allow the following vehicles to see the road ahead, thus reducing accidents. It is reported that the truck is equipped with a wireless camera in front of the front of the car and four large screens installed at the rear of the car: if you are behind the truck, you will be able to clearly see the real-time view of the opposite car, you can also see any obstacles in front of the road. Things. Samsung said the technology can reduce traffic accidents and save lives. Samsung's technology will not be popular soon, and the project is still in the early prototype testing phase.
Samsung "transparent" trucks on the road test can reduce accidents (picture from Samsung Tomorrow)
Classic Ethernet uses a long cable meandering around the building, and this cable connects all the computers. The architecture of classic Ethernet is shown in the following figure "Ethernet":
Physical layer
Each version of Ethernet has a maximum cable length limit (that is, the length that does not need to be amplified). Signals within this range can be transmitted normally, and signals beyond this range will not be transmitted. In order to allow the construction of a larger network, multiple cables can be connected with repeaters. A repeater is a physical layer device that can receive, amplify, and retransmit signals in both directions.
On these cables, the transmission of information uses Manchester encoding.
MAC sublayer
Classic Ethernet uses 1-adhere to the CSMA/CD algorithm, that is, when the station has a frame to send, it must listen to the medium, and send it immediately once the medium becomes free. Monitor whether there are conflicts on the channel while they are being sent. If there is a conflict, immediately terminate the transmission, and send a short conflict enhancement signal, and then wait for a random period of time before resending.
The development of Ethernet is very fast, starting to evolve from the typical Ethernet structure of a single long cable. The problems of a single cable, such as finding out the connection-related problems such as broken or loose locations, have driven people to develop a different type of wiring mode. In this mode, each station has a dedicated wire connected to a central hub. The hub simply connects all the connecting wires electrically, like soldering them together. Hubs cannot increase capacity because they are logically equivalent to classic Ethernet with a single cable. As more and more stations join, the share of fixed capacity shared by each station decreases. Eventually, the LAN will be saturated.
There is another way out to handle the ever-increasing load: switched Ethernet. The core of switched Ethernet is a switch, which contains a high-speed backplane that connects all ports. From the outside, switches look like hubs. They are a box, usually with 4-48 ports, and each port has a standard RJ-45 connector for connecting twisted-pair cables. The switch only outputs the frame to the port where the frame wants to go. A machine can be added or deleted by simply plugging in or unplugging the cable, and since the flaky cable or port usually only affects one machine, most errors are easy to find. This configuration mode still has the problem of a shared component failure, that is, the failure of the switch itself: if all stations lose network connectivity, the IT staff knows how to solve this problem: replace the entire switch.
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