Outstanding in the American architectural world
In 1935, Pei Ming went to the ocean and went to the United States to study. His father had hoped that he would study in the UK to study finance, but he did not follow his father's life, but he entered the Pennsylvania State University to study architecture at his own preference. His interest in architecture is purely accidental. When he was studying in Shanghai, he often went to a billiard hall to play billiards on weekends. The highest restaurant in Shanghai was being built near the billiard hall, which aroused his curiosity. How can people have the ability to build such a tall building? Thus he created the idea of ​​learning architecture.
However, the University of Pennsylvania's teaching method of classical architectural theory made him very disappointed. He went to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University to study architecture. Pei Ming entered the actual architectural field from the purely academic ivory tower in 1948. This year, New York City’s visionary and courageous real estate giant William Hilgendorf broke the conventions of the American architectural community and hired Pei Ming as an architect for the first time as the founder of Webb, the architectural research department of Nap Construction. director. Wiganendorf and Pei Ming, one is an experienced and eloquent real estate construction trader; one is an architect with expertise and creativity. The two men work together to complement each other and are a golden partner in their careers. They have been working together for 12 years. In the past 12 years, Pei Ming has completed the design of many commercial and residential groups for the real estate company of Hiddendorf, and has also made many social reconstruction plans. In the meantime, IM Pei also designed the Science Building for his alma mater, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and designed two faculty and residence buildings for New York University. All this made Pei’s appearance in the American architectural world, and laid the foundation for his career for decades.
In 1960, Pei Ming left Chaigendorf and established his own construction company. He is most praised in architectural design and cares about the interests of civilians. In New York, Philadelphia, Cleveland, and Chicago, he designed a number of popular apartments that are both aesthetically pleasing and economical. The three-story social apartment he designed in Philadelphia is very popular with the working class. Therefore, Philadelphia Rice University awarded him the honorary title of "People's Architect" in 1963; in the same year, the American Architecture Society awarded him the New York Medal of Honor. The Washington Post praised his architectural design as an urban plan that truly served the people.
As his construction company's business flourished, his design gradually shifted from urban reconstruction and reconstruction to the design of giant public buildings. The National Atmospheric Research Center, built on the high mountains of Colorado in the 1960s, is arguably the beginning of his public building design. The shape of the center is simple and honest, and the tower-like roof makes the building itself like a winding mountain, which is in harmony with the surrounding environment and color. The US Newsweek published a photo of it, saying that Pei's design is a "breakthrough design."
Creating architectural miracles in the midst of criticism
It is the design and construction of the John F. Kennedy Library that really made Betty's reputation and rank among the world-class architects. At first, the Kennedy family did not pay much attention to Pei Mingming’s “first birth†in a large group of first-class architects, but when he vividly described the design according to the construction site, the choice of building materials, and how to give After a special purpose and meaning, the building was deeply appreciated by Kennedy, the widow of Kennedy. She asserted: "Before the beautiful world of Pei Ming, no one can compare with it. I have chosen him after repeated consideration." This library, built in 1979 and built in 1979, has a novel design and style. Bold and highly skilled, it caused a sensation in the American architectural community and is recognized as one of the best masterpieces in American architectural history. The American architectural community announced that 1979 was the "Bei Mingming Year" and awarded him the Gold Medal of the American Institute of Architecture for the year.
In fact, in the year before the John F. Kennedy Library was built, in 1978, the design and construction of the East Building of the National Gallery of Washington was successful, and it has established the status of Pei Ming as a world-class architect. In order to make the building a highly harmonious view of the surrounding environment, Pei Ming is conceived and creatively intertwined platforms, stairs, slopes and columns of different heights and shapes to give a sense of unpredictability. . The sun shines through the skylights like spider webs and enters from different angles, making it a beautiful picture. At the opening ceremony of the "East House", the then US President Carter praised it as a harmonious and comprehensive part of Washington City. It is also a symbol of the growing connection between public life and artistic taste, saying that Pei Ming is "not a good choice." Distinguished architect.
The Louvre Glass Pyramid in Paris is the most splendid building in the Mitterrand era in France. The entire building is only spired to the ground, and its ingenious design is recognized as the greatest miracle of contemporary architecture. The work of the first of the "Ten Wonders of Contemporary Architecture" is also the proud work of IM Pei. In the early 1980s, French President Mitterrand decided to rebuild and expand the Louvre, a world-famous treasure house of art. To this end, the French government has extensively sought design proposals. The applicants are all famous architects from France and other countries. Finally, President Mitterrand has invited the world's 15 reputable museum curators to choose the design plan. As a result, 13 curators chose the design of IM Pei. He designed the use of modern building materials to build a glass pyramid in the Louvre's Napoleon courtyard, and the load of the metal bracket exceeded its own weight. Unexpectedly, this matter caused an uproar in France. It is believed that this will destroy the 800-year-old ancient architectural style, "the ruin of the Louvre and the destruction of the pyramid." However, President Mitterrand’s deliberation was based on the design of Pei’s. In the same year, he won the Putz Prize, known as the Nobel Prize in Architecture. Nowadays, people not only blame, but also praise: "There is a huge gem in the Louvre." His architectural works were often criticized when they were just built, but they soon became locals. Pride, or a sign of that city. This is where his success lies.
For decades, Pei has been designing many museums, art galleries, commercial centers, skyscrapers, clock towers and even rock concert halls throughout the United States, as well as in Canada, France, Australia, Singapore, Iran and Beijing, Hong Kong. Many large buildings have been designed in Taiwan and other places. His footprints and works can be said to be all over the world, he is a well-deserved world famous architect. According to rough statistics, in the past half century, Pei Ming has designed more than 100 large-scale buildings and won more than 50 awards. Of the nearly 50 large buildings he designed in the United States, 24 won.
Changeable design, unchanged Chinese heart
Pei Ming went to the United States to study, and later became a family on the other side of the ocean, and became famous. It has been 66 years old, but his deep affection for China is still tied. He was born in Suzhou and was born in Guangzhou. He is often referred to as “Suzhou people†and “Guangzhou peopleâ€. The couple can still speak fluent Mandarin, Cantonese, Shanghainese and Suzhou dialect. The usual dressing, family arrangement and living habits still maintain the traditional Chinese characteristics.
In the early 1970s, Pei Mingming returned to China for the first time in 40 years, and there was an infinite feeling in her heart. Later, he came to China many times. He said with deep feelings overseas: "My roots are in China, and China has been very traction with me. So whenever I go back, I feel like I have returned to my home. â€
Chinese traditional architectural art has been extremely impressed in the heart of Pei Ming. Someone once asked: "Bei Lao, do you believe in Feng Shui?" "Architects believe in Feng Shui. It is not superstitious feng shui. There are several kinds of feng shui. For example, we have to build houses in our buildings, and we must carry mountains and waters. It is also feng shui. I think Feng Shui should be believed, but Feng Shui has to be made too much, then it becomes superstitious, and I am against it." He is honestly clarifying his personal point of view. The corridors and rockery of the Suzhou Garden, especially the pattern of the building and the surrounding natural landscape, and the use of light and shadow aesthetics, have been traced in his decades of architectural design, and are located in Beijing. The new Xiangshan Hotel in Xiangshan Park is a meticulous combination of modern architectural art and traditional Chinese architectural features.
In 1978, he declined an invitation to design a high-rise near the Forbidden City, and chose to design Xiangshan Hotel away from the city. He proposed that the building height of Beijing's ancient city should be strictly controlled to maintain a smooth and open space pattern from the Forbidden City. After accepting the design work of Xiangshan Hotel, he has always been careful and meticulous in his work style. He has not only visited Xiangshan for many times, climbed the summit, looked at the surrounding environment, and worked tirelessly to visit Beijing, Nanjing, Yangzhou and Suzhou. Chengde and other places, to inspect the local large buildings and gardens, and finally adopted a series of irregular courtyard layouts, so that it blends with the surrounding water, mountains and trees. Therefore, this newly built Xiangshan Hotel looks very ordinary. It is like an inside show girl. It may not look amazing at first sight, but the more it looks, the more she feels the natural beauty of her light makeup.
Compared with those skyscrapers designed in the past, the scale of the Xiangshan Hotel is not large, but Pei Mingming said: "Xiangshan Hotel has an important position in my design career. My efforts are better than those designed abroad. The building is 10 times higher.†He also said: “We can’t look out every new building. The roots of Chinese architecture are still there, and it can sprout. Of course, the roots of history are not enough, but also modern. A good root can be inserted, and new things and useful things can be connected to the old roots. From the design of the Xiangshan Hotel, I tried to explore a new road: in a modern building, the Chinese nation is reflected. The essence of architectural art."
In 1984, Pei Ming designed a 70-story building for the Bank of China in Hong Kong. This was the tallest building in Hong Kong at the time and the tallest building in the world outside the United States at the time. This is because his father is the earliest founder of the Bank of China in Hong Kong, which gives him a sense of intimacy, but he emphasizes: "This building is one of the symbols of China in Hong Kong and should be lifted. Looking up, it is also the pride of China to show the style and style."
The architectural master Pei Ming and the French Chinese painter Zao Wou-ki and the Chinese-American composer Zhou Wenzhong are known as the "three treasures of art" of overseas Chinese. Some people may say that architecture is science, why is it tied with art? But people in the world of architecture know that Pei is not only an outstanding architectural scientist, but also has built many magnificent palaces with pens and rulers. He is an extremely ideal architectural artist who is good at bringing ancient traditional architectural art and modernity. The latest technology is melted in a furnace to create its own unique style. Pei Ming himself said: "Although architecture and art are different, they are essentially the same. My goal is to seek harmony and unity between the two."
Character resume
Pei Ming, a world-famous architectural master, is considered a representative of modernist architecture in the international academic community. Born in Guangdong, China in 1917, he went to the United States to study in 1935. In 1955, he founded Pei Ming Architects in the United States. In 1985, he was selected as a member of the Institute by the American Academy of Literature and Art and the National Academy of Literature and Art. He was awarded the "Freedom Medal" by the President of the United States and the "National Art Award" by the United States, the "Glory Medal" awarded by the French President, and the "Top Ten National Citizen Award" issued by the President of the United States. The design work was awarded the “Putsk Prizeâ€.
Source: "New Century"
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