1 Introduction
"Energy saving and emission reduction" became one of the hottest topics in the communications field in 2008. Seminars to discuss and exchange this information in the industry were continuously held. Operators such as China Mobile even set up a special management office for this purpose. In the centralized procurement of various products, many operators regard whether they have energy-saving functions as an important technical evaluation index. In the centralized procurement of China Mobile and China Unicom, the full range of products of telecommunications power supply have clearly defined the functional requirements of “energy saving and emission reductionâ€.
ZTE's power product line has been focusing on the energy-saving functions of communication power supplies and UPS products for two years. The communication power supply has previously developed customized versions for domestic and international operators. Modular UPS products are also written with corresponding energy-saving functions in the initial stage of research and development. Development task book. With the realization of the energy-saving function of communication power supply products and the advent of the modular UPS product T080, the "breathing" power management of ZTE Power products also came into being.
2 Significance of breathing power management
The efficiency of communication power supply and UPS can reach 90% under the load condition of more than 50%, and their own energy consumption is less than 10%.环 设备。 Ring equipment. However, specific to its own operation, it can be seen that due to the design of the initial capacity of the communication power supply and UPS, the maximum load, battery charging capacity and backup capacity are also considered, resulting in the actual operating load often being in a light load and ultra light load state. In the state, the efficiency of power conversion equipment is often low, thus increasing its own losses.
"Breathing" power management controls the turn-on and sleep of power modules by tracking load changes, so that the system works as close as possible to the best efficiency point, and changes the backup mode of power modules from hot backup to cold backup and semi-cold backup Reduce the number of modules that are running under light load and ultra light load. For the entire power system, reduce the use of electricity, save electricity bills, and improve the operator's TCO.
3 Benefit calculation of breathing power management
From the perspective of the communication room as a whole, the "breathing" power management is only an article on the efficiency of less than 10%, but for the power supply itself, from 85% efficiency of light load to high efficiency of about 92%, power equipment Self energy saving is close to 50%.
Taking the base station power supply 200A configuration as an example, if it is composed of four rectifiers of 50A, and the working load of a long-term workload not exceeding 40A, ZTE "breathing" power management can be used to save 3-4 degrees of power every day. In a year, the total power saving is more than 1000 degrees. Assuming that the electricity price is 1 yuan / degree, then such a site may save more than 1,000 yuan per year. The service life of the communication power supply is mostly about 10 years, that is, the energy saving cost is equivalent to more than 80% of the total equipment price during the entire equipment life cycle. For medium-sized provinces with 15,000 base station operators in a single province, electricity bills can be saved by more than 15 million yuan per year.
4 Realization of breathing power management
There are three main methods for implementing breathable power management:
(1) By following the load power to control the turning on and sleeping of the power module, the system works in the area of ​​best efficiency, and the optimization of efficiency and the maximization of energy saving are realized. Taking the communication power supply as an example, the best efficiency section of its work is between 50% and 80% of the load section (see Figure 1). Through the best efficiency tracking, long-term light-load work caused by the opening of multiple modules is avoided.
(2) Reducing the sleep power is a more in-depth energy saving, and the sleep power consumption of the power module needs to be further reduced. In the traditional soft shutdown mode, the sleep power is about 15W to 20W, and the sleep power of the 3 to 4 modules also reaches 50W to 80W, which accounts for a large proportion of the energy saving of the communication power supply. Therefore, ZTE's new generation of communication power supply reduces the sleep power consumption of the rectifier module to less than 5W. On the basis of the power module switch, the icing on the cake is added to further strengthen the energy saving effect.
(3) The energy-saving breathing power management that meets the needs of different customers is realized through the change of the energy-saving mode. The control mode that combines four modes of safety, energy saving, peak shifting, and freedom is adopted. Different control modes are adopted for the transformation and construction of existing and newly built stations, and combined with monitoring of the power environment to achieve optimal control.
5 Software and hardware fault-tolerant design of breathable power management
As a basic network product, power equipment has the highest reliability. Breathable power management is essentially the management of energy consumption through the control of hardware by software. To a certain extent, there is a certain reliability risk. It must be ensured by the fault-tolerant design of software and hardware. The main measures are as follows.
(1) The power modules that work and sleep are switched regularly (see Figure 2), to ensure that the working hours of different modules are basically the same, and to avoid the reliability risks caused by the long-term sleep of a few modules and the long-term sleep of another module.
(2) The control of the number of redundant backups of the power module, through the combination of software calculation and manual menu definition, not only ensures the energy saving effect, but also ensures that the redundant backup module meets the requirements of on-site operation.
(3) The control mechanism of "open first and then close" and "open first and close first" ensures the reliable operation of the load during the switching of the rectifier.
(4) A targeted calculation and control mechanism for the number of power modules turned on and off under ultra-light load to ensure the reliability of operation with few or no backup modules.
(5) The targeted control mechanism under AC mains power failure, battery failure, power module and monitoring unit failure conditions, in accordance with the priority to ensure reliability and then consider the idea of ​​energy saving to ensure stable and reliable operation of the system.
6 Conclusion
A thousand miles begins with a single step. The development of energy conservation and emission reduction work is only the first step to make China greener and China more beautiful. "Breathing power management" is only a small step forward in the energy-saving work of the communication power system, and there is still a lot of work to be done later. Operators, equipment manufacturers, industry experts and all power practitioners need to make unremitting efforts to advance toward the goal of green communication in the future.
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