Forking is different from ordinary upgrades. Ordinary upgrades do not affect the agreement consensus before and after the upgrade, and generally do not require the participation of community consensus or computing power consensus. The forks are divided into soft forks and hard forks according to the modification of the agreement.
Existing definition:
[Lightning Definition] A hard fork refers to the fact that when the Bitcoin block format or transaction format (this is the widely circulated "consensus" (should be a partial agreement)) changes, the unupgraded nodes refuse to verify that the upgraded nodes produce However, the upgraded node can verify the block produced by the unupgraded node, and then everyone continues the chain that they think is correct, so it is divided into two chains.
A permanent divergence in the block chain, commonly occurs when non-upgraded nodes can't validate blocks created by upgraded nodes that follow newer consensus rules.
[Lightning Definition] A soft fork refers to the fact that when the data structure of Bitcoin transactions (this is the widely circulated "consensus" (should be a partial agreement)) changes, unupgraded nodes can verify the production of upgraded nodes Blocks, and nodes that have been upgraded can also verify blocks produced by nodes that have not been upgraded.
A temporary fork in the block chain which commonly occurs when miners using non-upgraded nodes violate a new consensus rule their nodes don't know about.
I don't think which definition is right or wrong. The specific definition can be summed up based on the difference between the two that has been agreed by a larger community, and no authority is required to specify it.
Hard fork: Without forward compatibility, the previous version will no longer be usable and requires a mandatory upgrade.
Soft fork: It has better compatibility. At least part of the functions of the previous version are available, but you don’t need to upgrade.
Hard fork: At the blockchain level, there will be two forked chains, one original chain and one forked new chain.
Soft fork: There is no forked chain at the blockchain level, but the blocks that make up the chain, with new blocks and old blocks.
Hard fork: It is necessary to agree to the fork upgrade at a certain point in time, and those who do not agree will enter the original chain.
Soft fork: For a long time, it is allowed to continue to use the original version to generate old blocks without upgrading, and coexist with new blocks.
Schematic diagram of hard and soft fork blocks
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