According to the speaker structure, it can be divided into closed speaker, inverted speaker, empty paper cone speaker, labyrinth speaker, horn speaker and so on.
1 closed speaker
The enclosed speaker is the simplest speaker system among all the speakers. Its outer shape is sealed except that the front of the speaker is installed, and the box is completely sealed, and the box is filled with porous fiber sound absorbing material. When an audio current passes through the speaker, the diaphragm of the speaker vibrates, and the sound wave in front of the speaker cone is pushed to the periphery, and the sound wave behind the cone is absorbed by the sound absorbing material, which causes the forward radiated sound wave and backward direction of the speaker. The radiated sound waves are completely isolated, thus effectively avoiding the acoustic short circuit phenomenon. Moreover, due to the presence of the closed box, the resonance quality of the speaker is increased, and the resonance frequency of the speaker is increased, so that the maximum paper resonance frequency of the speaker is increased, and the low frequency response is improved. The sound of this kind of speaker is a bit deep, but the bass analysis is good. Since the enclosed box is generally small and has a limited volume, the air inside the box forms an additional elastic effect on the speaker, and the air cushion behind the paper cone exerts a counter driving force on the paper cone, which increases the natural resonant frequency of the speaker. However, the low-frequency response is degraded, so it is now often used to make speakers with a low-resonance-like speaker. Closed-type speakers are less sensitive, but can use amplifiers with large output power, and their structure is relatively simple, easy to design and convenient to place, so it is widely used in homes and small entertainment places.
In addition to the speaker port, the rest of the speaker is closed. The speaker cone is divided into two non-ventilated spaces. One is an infinite space outside the box, and the other is a closed box space with a certain volume, eliminating the speaker paper. Sound short circuit and interference phenomenon before and after the basin, but due to the box seal, the vibration of the paper cone will cause repeated compression and expansion of the air inside the box, so the parts of the box should have sufficient strength and sealing performance. Otherwise, It is easy to generate plate vibration and affect characteristics. Its main feature is pure tone, but low sensitivity, suitable for home audio.
2 inverted speaker
Also called bass reflex speaker, this kind of speaker opens one or several sound holes in front of the box. The shape and structure of the speaker structure are various, and some open only one hole, and some open several holes. Most of the holes are also equipped with sound tubes, and the shape of the sound tubes is also varied. Its working principle is that the sound wave radiated by the speaker resonates with the air inside the box, and then the sound wave phase is reversed by 180 degrees through the sound tube, and radiated from the sound tube opening. Since the sound wave radiated from the back of the speaker cone is in phase opposition to the sound wave radiated from the front of the speaker, the speaker is called an inverted speaker. Since the sound radiated from the sound conduit opening and the forward radiated sound of the speaker are in phase superimposed on the front of the speaker, it can provide a wider frequency band than the enclosed speaker, and the radiation efficiency of the woofer unit is greatly improved. . In order to make the sound radiated from the sound conduit opening in the playback band exactly in phase with the sound radiated from the speaker forward, the parameter values ​​of the speakers used must be well selected, and the speaker should be carefully designed. Ideally, the playback frequency should start at 80% of the lowest resonant frequency of the speaker and spread out evenly to achieve a wide frequency range.
The inverted speaker can reproduce rich bass with a small box, the distortion is relatively small, and the performance is relatively stable. It is one of the most widely used types, but its design and production are more complicated. In recent years, in order to widen the bass reproduction frequency band, the sound absorbing material is filled in the sound conduit, and a semi-closed box is formed to control the inversion effect to make it buffer some, and the resonance frequency is lowered to achieve the purpose of widening the bass reproduction frequency band. As a result, the inverted speaker becomes a semi-closed state, and the speaker is called a damped inverted speaker.
Also known as the inverted phase opening box, the low frequency radiation type speaker is a type of speaker with an inverted phase hole (slot) on the speaker panel. Thanks to the opening, the sound inside the box can be radiated outside.
Inverted speakers, also known as low-frequency radial speakers, are also the most commonly used cabinet designs in multimedia speakers. It differs from the closed speaker in that the front of the speaker is designed with a cylindrical inverted hole to allow air circulation inside and outside the box. It has higher power carrying capacity and lower distortion than the closed box. High sensitivity, suitable for both general households and halls or professional venues.
3 empty paper cone speakers
Also known as a passive bass speaker or passive radiator, it is a new type of speaker system developed on the basis of the inverted speaker. It uses an empty paper cone instead of the sound tube in the inverted speaker, which is composed of an ordinary speaker and an empty paper cone device installed in a closed box. The empty paper cone device is an ordinary speaker to remove the voice coil and the magnetic circuit system. It consists of its paper cone and support system. At present, the empty paper cone device is often placed in the lower part of the speaker panel, so that not only the sound pressure of the middle and low frequency bands is not easily affected by the floor, but also the height of the speaker is just right, so that the sound image is positioned at an appropriate height. In addition, when the empty paper cone works in the subwoofer band, the reflection of the floor can be used to improve the radiation efficiency, thereby further enhancing the bass effect. 1 o# l# ]) o% u9 z( ]- Y3 I7 ^
The empty paper cone speaker is a resonance formed by the mass of the air and vibration system (mainly the paper cone) in the box. The vibration of the speaker and the air are used to excite the empty paper cone, and the corresponding vibration is performed. From this point of view, it is similar to the resonance principle formed by the air quality inside the sound duct and the air inside the speaker, and is very similar to the inverted speaker system. Their basic working process is also the same, after the speaker's backward radiating sound is in phase with the forward radiating sound after being inverted by a certain device. However, in the subwoofer band, the amplitude of the empty cone speaker is lower than that of the inverted speaker, which is closer to the closed speaker. That is, the empty cone speaker can effectively suppress the increase of the vibration amplitude of the speaker over the entire frequency band, and suppress The unstable sound of the sound hole reflected in the inverted speaker. The empty paper cone speaker also has the characteristics of high sensitivity of the playback band and convenient installation.
4 labyrinth speaker
This is a variant of an inverted speaker that is constructed with a sound tube made of sound absorbing panels behind the speaker. The length of the catheter is exactly half the wavelength of the low frequency sound to be lifted. The radiated sound is exactly in phase with the forward radiating sound of the speaker, so that the total radiated sound pressure is enhanced. However, when the length of the catheter is equal to a quarter of a wavelength, the opposite is true, and an inverse resonance phenomenon occurs. Therefore, try to choose this low frequency lower limit as the lowest resonant frequency of the speaker. In theory, the sound labyrinth will attenuate the sound waves from behind the cone, preventing reflections from reaching the open end and affecting the woofer's radiation. In fact, it has a slight damping and tuning effect, which increases the sound output of the speaker near or below the resonant frequency, and can quickly reduce the amplitude while enhancing the bass output.
5th horn (angle) speaker
There are forward horn (angle), back horn (angle), combination horn (angle) and other types. The back of the box is completely sealed, and the air pressure inside the box is added to the back of the speaker cone. In order to maintain the pressure balance before and after the cone, the horn (angle) device is usually placed in front of the speaker. The bass playback effect of the forward horn (corner) speaker is equivalent to a super large audio playback system, and the back horn (corner) type is also called the reflective horn (corner) speaker. The structure can directly see the speaker used. Its horn (corner) is mostly folded back. The combination horn (angle) is a combination of a front horn (corner) speaker and a folding horn (corner) speaker. The horn (angle) of the horn (corner) type is generally made of wood material, and the size of the horn (corner) port depends on the cutoff frequency of the required radiation. If the frequency of the intercept point is low, the diameter of the horn (corner) will be large. The function of the horn (corner) type box is similar to that of the inverted type speaker, but the low frequency response is not as good as that of the closed type speaker and the inverted type speaker, but its sound transmission efficiency is the highest, and it is often used in the hall and the main sound reinforcement system of the theater. And effects on the sound reinforcement system.
In addition, there are symmetric drive speakers, Kelton speakers, sound matrix speakers, multi-catheter speakers and so on.
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