The speaker (SPEAKER), commonly known as the horn, is made of magnets and coils that vibrate and vibrate. It is an indispensable and important device in a sound system. All the music is made through the speaker for people to listen and enjoy. As the only device that converts electrical energy into “sound energy,†the quality and characteristics of the speakers play a decisive role in the sound quality of the entire sound system. Due to the special nature of the car, it is impossible to install a universal speaker like a home theater in a car. Instead, each car speaker is directly mounted on the car. A high-end car can even be installed with more than ten speakers.
The main speakers are double conical, two-way, three-way, independent components, subwoofer units. The independent components include independent tweeters and independent midrange units and crossover networks, which are generally installed at the front door of the car. In general, the louder the speaker, the better the low frequency, so if you like to listen to the bass, it is best to have a large number of speakers.
Speaker material structure and compositionLoudspeakers generally consist of dust caps, cones, voice coils, pot racks, terminals, magnets, etc.
1. Cone: The signal output by the amplifier drives the sound of the cone to reproduce the sound. The material of the cone determines the sound quality of the speaker. According to the material use, it is divided into middle bass cone and high pitch cone.
(1) Medium and bass cone material
a composite cone: light weight, high intensity, used for bass and restore human voice.
bPP pots: synthetic plastics, low price but lack of sound performance.
c metal basin: heavy weight, high strength, low sensitivity, good performance on DJ sound quality.
d Weaving basins: good sound quality, such as silk and linen, carbon fiber.
(2) High pitcher material
a organic film: generally used for high pitch coaxial speakers, low power, easy to burn, lack of sound performance.
b Metal film: high-pitched, crisp, high-power, and DJ sound quality performance.
c silk film: voice quality vocal aspects have a better expression, especially in a small power input also has a good expression.
2, basin frame: play a supporting role, materials are generally: iron sheet, die-casting, synthetic materials.
3, voice coil: connected to the audio current (AC) coil, voice coil performance directly affects the sound pressure frequency characteristics, sound pressure level, distortion, sound quality. The main material is BOBBIN, enameled wire, reinforcement paper, and silk thread. It is the heart of the speaker. Damage to the speaker often starts from the voice coil.
4, magnet
a Ferrite: Medium efficiency, large volume, low price, good stability.
b Magnetic: Magnetic in space, small in size, magnetic 7 times that of ferrite, but unstable, easily demagnetized.
c magnetic: high efficiency, small size should not be large, used in tweeters.
5, split ring: used to support the cone vibration system, and provide elastic recovery and damping effect. The main material is composite paper, plastic foam, cloth, rubber and so on.
6, dust cap: used to prevent dust, debris into the magnetic gap. The main materials are composite paper, cloth, aluminum alloy, plastic, carbon fiber weaving and so on.
7, terminal: through the speaker cable connected to the amplifier, sound transmission interface. Terminals are soldered and socketed, marked with positive (+) poles, negative (-) corresponding to the positive and negative poles of the amplifier or divider.
Speaker main parameters1, speaker size: a larger speaker size, the wider the bandwidth, b affect the actual installation
2, peak power: the instantaneous maximum power of the horn
3rd, rated power: Actual effective power that the loudspeaker works normally
4. Sensitivity: Sensitivity is also called sound pressure level. The higher the sensitivity is, the smaller the input power is. In the case of the same power, the smaller the power requirement of the power amplifier, the louder the sound output from the sound source. The higher the sensitivity, the greater the distortion.
5, Impedance: The resistance value of the horn, generally 2Ω, 4Ω, 6Ω, 8Ω, 4Ω is the most common.
6. Frequency Response Range: The range between the lowest frequency and the highest frequency of the audio signal that can be played by the speaker (unit is Hz) and the non-uniformity within the frequency range (the unit is dB)
1 unit speaker
In fact, most of the unit speakers are original car audio speakers, which are relatively simple in structure and lighter in texture. In terms of sound performance, the treble is not clear and the bass is not thick, and can only be expressed in the middle range.
2, coaxial speakers
Coaxial tweeters, as their name suggests, place the high-pitched speakers on the same chassis. From the point of view of features, it is low in cost, easier to drive and easier to install. However, neither the sound phase positioning nor the tone is satisfactory, but the price is cheaper and it is accepted by most people. Therefore, most car audio conversion shops will recommend the use of a rear sound field speaker.
3, set the speaker
The package speaker is mainly composed of a tweeter, a midrange speaker, and a frequency divider. Generally divided into two frequency and three frequency division, a split speaker includes a tweeter, a bass woofer and a crossover, is conducive to the positioning of the sound field.
What is the divider?
The frequency division unit separates the design and manufacture of the individual sound ranges, and then uses a frequency divider to connect the individual units so that the entire sound range can be extremely low in tone and accurate reproduction. So you can get a better sound field and a clear sense of depth.
Kit speakers have excellent sound field positioning capabilities, so they are generally used in the front sound field. The horn speaker is superior to the coaxial horn, and those enthusiasts who require a higher level of sound and want to configure a medium-to-high-end audio system mostly use a set horn.
4, bass speaker
Bass horns are still preferred for better low frequencies. Different installation models have different options. At present, bass speakers are available in the market with wheel-type and ultra-thin bass speakers and cabinet horns (requiring special production of low speakers).
The wheel type and ultra-thin bass occupy less space and cost less; and the box horn: the sound quality is better; it is divided into closed and open holes: the closed sound quality is thicker and more suitable for human voice; the open hole is more low frequency and more powerful. Bass greatly improves the listening experience in the car. Especially in high-speed driving, the bass will be greatly reduced, and it is necessary to add a bass system.
Difference between car speakers and household speakerstemperature
Household loudspeakers are used in the room, so the temperature difference is small, and the car works outdoors. As the climate changes, the temperature difference is large, so it must resist temperature aging.
humidity
Cars are subject to damp attacks when they are raining, when they walk along waterways, and when they wash their cars, so car speakers need to be damp-proof. Nowadays, chemical-resistant synthetic material cones are used.
dust
Home appliance speakers are used in rooms, so there is less dust and dust in the car. A dust cover is needed to prevent the sound coil from rubbing and causing noise.
vibration
The car speaker is shocked by the vibration of the car whenever and wherever possible, so the design must not be loose.
noise
Taking into account various noise and vibration conditions, so the materials used are different, to use a variety of ways to offset the different noise.
impedance
The car's power supply voltage is low. In order to obtain large power, the impedance of the speaker is small, using 4, 3.2 and 2 more.
Car speaker useThe importance of speakers in car audio systems is even more prominent. To enable the car speakers to exhibit excellent timbre and positioning, compared with home audio, the technical requirements and difficulties are much higher. The disadvantages of the car speakers are numerous and complicated, because in the interior space of the car, there are some unfavorable factors in the house: narrow spaces, irregular objects, complex environments (noise, vibration, automotive materials, etc.) and The installation position of the speaker (limited by the shape of the car's interior and exterior); more importantly, the listening position is poor, both to the left and right; and because the speaker's pointing is not averagely symmetrical at the front, resulting in complex frequencies, phase differences, and crests , wave trough, standing wave, reflective time difference, reverberation time is too long (resonance) and so on, is not conducive to listening problems. In spite of this, we can understand the attributes, uses, categories, compatibility, and speaker characteristics of the audio system equipment, plus the correct installation experience and skills, correctly handle the installation position of speakers with different bandwidths, and maintain good pointing. Sex, with a compatible power amplifier for technical adjustment, and ultimately get good results.
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