Abstract: The original national standards - "Civil Building Lighting Design Standards" (GBJ133-90) and "Industrial Enterprise Lighting Design Standards" (GB50034-92) have been implemented for more than ten years. With the development of the national economy, these two national standards have Can not meet the requirements of current engineering construction, the Ministry of Construction issued a task in the summer of 2002, revised the two national standards, and decided to merge into a standard, edited by China Academy of Building Research, China Aviation Industry Planning and Design Institute and other units Edited, the standard name is "Architectural Lighting Design Standards".
1. Overview of the compilation of "Architectural Lighting Design Standards"
1.1 The origin of the standard
The original national standards - "Civil Building Lighting Design Standards" (GBJ133-90) and "Industrial Enterprise Lighting Design Standards" (GB50034-92) have been implemented for more than ten years. With the development of the national economy, these two national standards have been unable to adapt. The current construction requirements, the Ministry of Construction issued a task in the summer of 2002, revised the two national standards, and decided to merge into a standard, edited by the China Academy of Building Research, China Aviation Industry Planning and Design Institute and other units, The standard name is "Architectural Lighting Design Standards".
At the same time, the China Green Lighting Project Office of the State Economic and Trade Commission (now the National Development and Reform Commission) issued the “Energy Efficiency Standard for Architectural Lightingâ€, which was prepared by the same editor-in-chief.
In the process of preparation, taking into account the better unification of the above two standards, it is easier to implement in the design and merged into one standard with the consent of the two administrations.
After nearly two years of work in the compilation group, it was approved in April 2004, submitted for approval in May, and approved by the Ministry of Construction on June 18, 2004. The standard number is GB50034-2004, and it was implemented on December 1, 2004. The standard was approved so quickly because the two administrations tracked the main process of preparation and the importance of implementing the standard as early as possible.
1.2 Principles of Standard Compilation
(1) Reflecting the status of China's national economic development and scientific and technological progress in the past decade or more;
(2) The need to adapt to the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way in the 21st century;
(3) Full implementation of green lighting projects and implementation of major guidelines for energy conservation and environmental protection.
1.3 Main basis
(1) Survey and key surveys on the lighting conditions of various types of buildings in China;
(2) For the analysis of China's original standards, the new standards of the International Commission on Illumination (CIE), the United States, Germany, Russia, Japan and other relevant standards and other materials, draw on the beneficial parts, when possible, use or reference the application of the new CIE standards;
(3) Consider the actual situation of China's current lighting equipment (light source, lamps, ballasts, etc.) and the development trend in the next few years;
(4) Widely listen to the opinions of design, scientific research and other relevant units.
1.4 Characteristics and major changes of the new standard
(1) The illuminance level has been greatly improved, adapting to the current needs of production, work, study and life;
(2) There are new and higher requirements for lighting quality, which is conducive to improving visual conditions;
(3) Reflecting the progress of lighting technology, which is conducive to the development and promotion of high-quality and efficient lighting equipment;
(4) Highlighting energy conservation, seizing the source, applying mandatory provisions, limiting lighting power density, and promoting the energy efficiency of lighting systems;
(5) Increased the content of lighting management and supervision, which is conducive to the optimization of design schemes and the implementation of standards.
1.5 Implementation of the relationship between new standards and green lighting
The new "Architectural Lighting Design Standards" content is comprehensive and systematic, stipulating the illumination level of industrial and civil buildings, lighting quality and lighting power density limits of common places; and green lighting projects are not just lighting energy saving, but beneficial It is a comprehensive and systematic project to achieve energy conservation and environmental protection on the basis of improving people's production, work, learning efficiency and quality of life, and protecting physical and mental health. It adopts measures from administrative, legislative, technical, and economic aspects, including propaganda, education, training, organization and promotion, and the new standard is from technical legislation. The goal of both is the same and the content is completely unified.
2, illuminance standards
Compared with the original standard (GB50034-92, GBJ133-90), GB50034-2004 has the following major changes.
(1) The illuminance standard has been greatly improved. For example, in the general office, the median value specified in GBJ133-90 is 150Lx, and the new standard is 300Lx.
(2) The original standard specifies three values ​​of high, medium and low for the illuminance standard value of each room or place, while the new standard only specifies one value. This value is roughly equivalent to the median of the three values ​​of the original standard; as for the application of high and low values, the improvement of the first level and the lower level are clearly defined in Articles 4.1.3 and 4.1.4 of the new standard. conditions of.
(3) For industrial sites, the original GB50034-92 specifies the standard value of the mixed illumination illumination for the places with higher illumination requirements (including the illumination provided by the local illumination, and stipulates that the general illumination illumination value is 5% of the mixed illumination illumination value). ～15%), some also specify the general illumination illuminance standard value, while the new standard only specifies the illuminance standard value of general illumination. If local illuminance is required, it should be increased by 1 to 3 times of the general illumination illuminance. .
(4) The illuminance standard value specified in the new standard refers to the illuminance requirement of the working surface; the illuminance of the adjacent area within 0.5m outside the working surface is allowed to be appropriately reduced: when the illuminance of the working surface is 300-750lx, the level can be lowered; When it is 200lx or less, it should not be lowered. This regulation is in line with actual needs and is conducive to energy conservation.
(5) Some rooms or places with the same purpose shall have two or even three- and four-speed illumination standards according to different requirements. For example, the office is divided into “general†and “high-endâ€, and the illumination is 300 and 500lx; the store business hall is also divided into “ General "and "high-end" regulations; laboratory, inspection, etc. "general" and "fine" stipulate two levels of illumination. This is in consideration of different regions, different industries, different scales, etc.
(6) The new standard stipulates that the illuminance value calculated by the lighting design and the illuminance standard value may have a deviation of -10% to +10%, that is, the actual calculated illuminance should not be less than the standard value, and should not be Too big. However, for smaller rooms with a small number of lights (such as fewer than 10 luminaires), this deviation is allowed.
(7) In view of China's vast territory, urban-rural differences, large gaps between the east and the west, and different conditions for large, medium and small cities, the building standards vary greatly. Therefore, the new standard stipulates the standard value of illuminance when the building level and function requirements are high or low. It is also possible to increase or decrease the level to suit different requirements and needs.
3, lighting quality
3.1 Glare limitation
In addition to the minimum shading angle of the direct type luminaire according to the average brightness of the light source, the new standard mainly refers to the CIE glare evaluation method. Uniform glare (UGR) is used to evaluate discomfort glare in rooms or locations where public and industrial buildings are often used. According to different requirements, the maximum UGR limits of various types of rooms shall not be greater than 16, 19, 22, 25, 28 and so on. The calculation of the UGR value gives a formula containing background brightness (Lb), brightness of the luminaire (La) of the observer direction, etc. These parameters are related to the technical parameters of the luminaire product, as well as the room size and the luminaire. Location and other factors are related. This evaluation method is more scientific, but the calculation in the design is more complicated and should generally be completed by a computer.
In addition, for the outdoor stadium, according to the CIE file, the glare value (GR) is used to evaluate the uncomfortable glare, and the maximum allowable value of the GR is not more than 50, and the calculation formula of the GR is also given.
3.2 color table of the illumination source
(1) Light source color table grouping: According to the correlated color temperature (Tcp) of the light source, it is divided into three groups: warm color (<3300K), intermediate color (3300～5300K), and cool color (> 5300K).
(2) Selection of light source color table: Generally speaking, the color table of the light source should be selected according to the atmosphere to be formed in the architectural light environment. Fluorescent lamps, metal halide lamps and other light sources that are most used indoors have a variety of color temperature products to choose from. Generally, warm light sources are suitable for low illumination (such as 200 ~ 300lx) or cold areas, such as residential, hotel rooms, wards, cafes, bars, restaurants, etc.; cool light source for high illumination (such as 750lx and above) Locations or tropical areas, such as stadiums; medium-temperature light sources are suitable for medium-illumination (such as 300 ~ 1000lx) places, such illuminance requirements are common, widely used, such as offices, design rooms, reading rooms, classrooms, Clinic, inspection, control room, machining, instrument assembly, etc.
(3) Problems in design and application: It is understood that some lighting designs do not pay attention to the choice of color temperature of light source: some design drawings do not specify the color temperature of the light source, let the project contractor or construction unit purchase, or even purchase at will; some regulations The color temperature of the light source, but the use of cool colors is more. Some designers, contractors or construction companies mistakenly believe that lamps with high color temperature are bright and efficient, resulting in the selection of fluorescent lamps (including straight tubes and compact). Most of them are 6200~6500K high color temperature lamps. On the one hand, the atmosphere is not suitable. On the other hand, it causes the light effect of the lamp to drop. Generally speaking, the color temperature of a fluorescent lamp is high, and the light effect is lower, especially the halogen phosphate fluorescent tube straight tube lamp is more obvious. For most places, the illumination is in the range of 200 to 750 lx, and a medium color temperature fluorescent lamp is suitable.
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1. Overview of the compilation of "Architectural Lighting Design Standards"
1.1 The origin of the standard
The original national standards - "Civil Building Lighting Design Standards" (GBJ133-90) and "Industrial Enterprise Lighting Design Standards" (GB50034-92) have been implemented for more than ten years. With the development of the national economy, these two national standards have been unable to adapt. The current construction requirements, the Ministry of Construction issued a task in the summer of 2002, revised the two national standards, and decided to merge into a standard, edited by the China Academy of Building Research, China Aviation Industry Planning and Design Institute and other units, The standard name is "Architectural Lighting Design Standards".
At the same time, the China Green Lighting Project Office of the State Economic and Trade Commission (now the National Development and Reform Commission) issued the “Energy Efficiency Standard for Architectural Lightingâ€, which was prepared by the same editor-in-chief.
In the process of preparation, taking into account the better unification of the above two standards, it is easier to implement in the design and merged into one standard with the consent of the two administrations.
After nearly two years of work in the compilation group, it was approved in April 2004, submitted for approval in May, and approved by the Ministry of Construction on June 18, 2004. The standard number is GB50034-2004, and it was implemented on December 1, 2004. The standard was approved so quickly because the two administrations tracked the main process of preparation and the importance of implementing the standard as early as possible.
1.2 Principles of Standard Compilation
(1) Reflecting the status of China's national economic development and scientific and technological progress in the past decade or more;
(2) The need to adapt to the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way in the 21st century;
(3) Full implementation of green lighting projects and implementation of major guidelines for energy conservation and environmental protection.
1.3 Main basis
(1) Survey and key surveys on the lighting conditions of various types of buildings in China;
(2) For the analysis of China's original standards, the new standards of the International Commission on Illumination (CIE), the United States, Germany, Russia, Japan and other relevant standards and other materials, draw on the beneficial parts, when possible, use or reference the application of the new CIE standards;
(3) Consider the actual situation of China's current lighting equipment (light source, lamps, ballasts, etc.) and the development trend in the next few years;
(4) Widely listen to the opinions of design, scientific research and other relevant units.
1.4 Characteristics and major changes of the new standard
(1) The illuminance level has been greatly improved, adapting to the current needs of production, work, study and life;
(2) There are new and higher requirements for lighting quality, which is conducive to improving visual conditions;
(3) Reflecting the progress of lighting technology, which is conducive to the development and promotion of high-quality and efficient lighting equipment;
(4) Highlighting energy conservation, seizing the source, applying mandatory provisions, limiting lighting power density, and promoting the energy efficiency of lighting systems;
(5) Increased the content of lighting management and supervision, which is conducive to the optimization of design schemes and the implementation of standards.
1.5 Implementation of the relationship between new standards and green lighting
The new "Architectural Lighting Design Standards" content is comprehensive and systematic, stipulating the illumination level of industrial and civil buildings, lighting quality and lighting power density limits of common places; and green lighting projects are not just lighting energy saving, but beneficial It is a comprehensive and systematic project to achieve energy conservation and environmental protection on the basis of improving people's production, work, learning efficiency and quality of life, and protecting physical and mental health. It adopts measures from administrative, legislative, technical, and economic aspects, including propaganda, education, training, organization and promotion, and the new standard is from technical legislation. The goal of both is the same and the content is completely unified.
2, illuminance standards
Compared with the original standard (GB50034-92, GBJ133-90), GB50034-2004 has the following major changes.
(1) The illuminance standard has been greatly improved. For example, in the general office, the median value specified in GBJ133-90 is 150Lx, and the new standard is 300Lx.
(2) The original standard specifies three values ​​of high, medium and low for the illuminance standard value of each room or place, while the new standard only specifies one value. This value is roughly equivalent to the median of the three values ​​of the original standard; as for the application of high and low values, the improvement of the first level and the lower level are clearly defined in Articles 4.1.3 and 4.1.4 of the new standard. conditions of.
(3) For industrial sites, the original GB50034-92 specifies the standard value of the mixed illumination illumination for the places with higher illumination requirements (including the illumination provided by the local illumination, and stipulates that the general illumination illumination value is 5% of the mixed illumination illumination value). ～15%), some also specify the general illumination illuminance standard value, while the new standard only specifies the illuminance standard value of general illumination. If local illuminance is required, it should be increased by 1 to 3 times of the general illumination illuminance. .
(4) The illuminance standard value specified in the new standard refers to the illuminance requirement of the working surface; the illuminance of the adjacent area within 0.5m outside the working surface is allowed to be appropriately reduced: when the illuminance of the working surface is 300-750lx, the level can be lowered; When it is 200lx or less, it should not be lowered. This regulation is in line with actual needs and is conducive to energy conservation.
(5) Some rooms or places with the same purpose shall have two or even three- and four-speed illumination standards according to different requirements. For example, the office is divided into “general†and “high-endâ€, and the illumination is 300 and 500lx; the store business hall is also divided into “ General "and "high-end" regulations; laboratory, inspection, etc. "general" and "fine" stipulate two levels of illumination. This is in consideration of different regions, different industries, different scales, etc.
(6) The new standard stipulates that the illuminance value calculated by the lighting design and the illuminance standard value may have a deviation of -10% to +10%, that is, the actual calculated illuminance should not be less than the standard value, and should not be Too big. However, for smaller rooms with a small number of lights (such as fewer than 10 luminaires), this deviation is allowed.
(7) In view of China's vast territory, urban-rural differences, large gaps between the east and the west, and different conditions for large, medium and small cities, the building standards vary greatly. Therefore, the new standard stipulates the standard value of illuminance when the building level and function requirements are high or low. It is also possible to increase or decrease the level to suit different requirements and needs.
3, lighting quality
3.1 Glare limitation
In addition to the minimum shading angle of the direct type luminaire according to the average brightness of the light source, the new standard mainly refers to the CIE glare evaluation method. Uniform glare (UGR) is used to evaluate discomfort glare in rooms or locations where public and industrial buildings are often used. According to different requirements, the maximum UGR limits of various types of rooms shall not be greater than 16, 19, 22, 25, 28 and so on. The calculation of the UGR value gives a formula containing background brightness (Lb), brightness of the luminaire (La) of the observer direction, etc. These parameters are related to the technical parameters of the luminaire product, as well as the room size and the luminaire. Location and other factors are related. This evaluation method is more scientific, but the calculation in the design is more complicated and should generally be completed by a computer.
In addition, for the outdoor stadium, according to the CIE file, the glare value (GR) is used to evaluate the uncomfortable glare, and the maximum allowable value of the GR is not more than 50, and the calculation formula of the GR is also given.
3.2 color table of the illumination source
(1) Light source color table grouping: According to the correlated color temperature (Tcp) of the light source, it is divided into three groups: warm color (<3300K), intermediate color (3300～5300K), and cool color (> 5300K).
(2) Selection of light source color table: Generally speaking, the color table of the light source should be selected according to the atmosphere to be formed in the architectural light environment. Fluorescent lamps, metal halide lamps and other light sources that are most used indoors have a variety of color temperature products to choose from. Generally, warm light sources are suitable for low illumination (such as 200 ~ 300lx) or cold areas, such as residential, hotel rooms, wards, cafes, bars, restaurants, etc.; cool light source for high illumination (such as 750lx and above) Locations or tropical areas, such as stadiums; medium-temperature light sources are suitable for medium-illumination (such as 300 ~ 1000lx) places, such illuminance requirements are common, widely used, such as offices, design rooms, reading rooms, classrooms, Clinic, inspection, control room, machining, instrument assembly, etc.
(3) Problems in design and application: It is understood that some lighting designs do not pay attention to the choice of color temperature of light source: some design drawings do not specify the color temperature of the light source, let the project contractor or construction unit purchase, or even purchase at will; some regulations The color temperature of the light source, but the use of cool colors is more. Some designers, contractors or construction companies mistakenly believe that lamps with high color temperature are bright and efficient, resulting in the selection of fluorescent lamps (including straight tubes and compact). Most of them are 6200~6500K high color temperature lamps. On the one hand, the atmosphere is not suitable. On the other hand, it causes the light effect of the lamp to drop. Generally speaking, the color temperature of a fluorescent lamp is high, and the light effect is lower, especially the halogen phosphate fluorescent tube straight tube lamp is more obvious. For most places, the illumination is in the range of 200 to 750 lx, and a medium color temperature fluorescent lamp is suitable.
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