In simple terms, the audio frequency divider is to separate the analog signal into different parts such as high, medium, and bass, and then send them to the corresponding speaker unit for playback, so as to achieve a better playback effect.
Frequency divider structureFrom the perspective of the circuit structure, the frequency divider is essentially an LC filter network composed of capacitors and inductors. The treble channel is a high-pass filter, which only allows high-frequency signals to pass through and blocks low-frequency signals; the bass channel is just the opposite, it only lets Bass passes through and blocks high-frequency signals; the midrange channel is a band-pass filter, except that the frequency between the two crossover points of one low and one high can pass, high-frequency components and low-frequency components will be blocked.
The role of crossover in audio
After the power amplifier, it is set in the speaker. Through the LC filter network, the power audio signal output by the power amplifier is divided into bass, midrange and treble, and they are sent to their respective speakers. The connection is simple and easy to use, but it consumes power, audio valleys appear, and cross distortion occurs. Its parameters are directly related to the speaker impedance, and the speaker impedance is a function of frequency, which deviates greatly from the nominal value, so the error It is also large, which is not conducive to adjustment.
The device that divides the weak audio signal by frequency is located in front of the power amplifier. After the frequency is divided, the independent power amplifier is used to amplify each audio frequency band signal and then send it to the corresponding speaker unit. Because the current is small, it can be realized with a smaller power electronic active filter, which is easier to adjust, reducing power loss and interference between speaker units. The signal loss is small and the sound quality is good. However, this method requires an independent power amplifier for each channel, which has high cost and complex circuit structure, and is used in professional sound reinforcement systems.
Can the speaker not add a crossover?
The first argument states: Of course you can make a speaker without a crossover, but you can't make a good speaker. And only full-band speakers or coaxial speakers can be used. And it must be inductive coaxial. The general coaxial just connects two voice coils on one shaft. To enhance the midrange, it can only be achieved by attenuating the bass and treble.
It's just that the speakers without crossovers feel unclear and muddy.
The current general active speakers, except for some relatively high-end speakers, are internal electronic crossovers.
Some do not have a frequency divider at all, and use an electrolytic capacitor in series with the tweeter as a tweeter.
But the second argument says: It’s absolutely impossible without a crossover, and you are not afraid of burning the tweeter. If you don’t add a crossover, you will directly add the sound of all frequencies to all the speakers, bass. The speaker can withstand the high pitch, but the tweeter cannot withstand the low pitch. If the sound is turned on a little louder, it will burn the high pitch directly. The principle of the crossover is to divide the input full-range sound into three frequencies: high pitch, midrange and low pitch, and then each Connect the speaker so that the sound will be good
If there is no divider, there are two situations:The speaker is a full-range speaker, which can emit high, middle and low frequencies, so there is no need for a crossover, but this type of speaker is usually not powerful.
The treble is connected to the signal through a capacitor. This is the simplest processing method. This type of sound quality is worse than that with a crossover.
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