Begin to master HDL (HDL=verilog+VHDL)
The first sentence is: If you haven’t learned how to count electricity, you must first learn how to count. Then you can choose verilog or VHDL, which is based on C language. It is recommended to select VHDL. Because verilog is too much like C, it is easy to confuse. Finally, you will find that you spend a lot of time to distinguish the two languages, rather than learning how to use it. Of course, you can turn your mind, you can also choose verilog, after all, in the domestic verilog more used.
Next, first find the example code. The significance of copying code lies in the familiarity with grammar rules and compilers (here the compiler is a silicon compiler, also known as a synthesizer, commonly used compilers are: Quartus, ISE, Vivado, Design Compiler, Synopsys VCS, iverilog, Diamond Lattice, Microsemi/Actel's Libero, Synplify pro), then imitate writing, and finally write it without reading. After compiling the code, open the RTL diagram and see what kind of circuit is integrated.
HDL is a hardware description language that highlights the characteristics of hardware. Therefore, we must use digital thinking to think about HDL instead of using C or other high-level languages. If we can't understand this sentence, we can see what is hardware and what is software". At this stage, the recommended textbook is "Verilog Legend", "Verilog HDL Advanced Digital Design" or "VHDL for Logical Synthesis". You can write a three-stage state machine without reading a book and you can enter the next stage.
In addition, you must have official Verilog or VHDL documentation, "verilog_IEEE official standards manual -2005_IEEE_P1364", "IEEE Standard VHDL Language_2008", so that you can check when you encounter some grammatical problems.
two
Independently complete the digital circuit design of small and medium scale
Now, you can design some digital circuits like traffic lights, keyboards, DDS, etc. The recommended textbook is Xia Lao's Verilog Digital System Design Tutorial (3rd Edition). At this stage, what you need to do is: Give you an indicator requirement or timing diagram. You can use HDL design circuitry to implement it. Here you need a development board, you can choose Altera's cycloone IV series, or Xilinx's Spantan 6. Never buy a development board before you have mastered HDL, because it is useless to buy it back. Here you do not need to download code every time you compile, let's use modelsim (in addition to QuestaSim, NC verilog, Diamond's Active-HDL, VCS, Debussy/Verdi and other simulation tools), if the simulation can not pass then there is no need to download Well, certainly not. It is sufficient to master the simple testbench here. The recommended textbook is "WRITING TESTBENCHES Functional Verification of HDL Models".
three
Master design methods and design principles
You may find that your integrated circuit is correct, but there are many warnings. At this time, you must learn to synchronize design principles and optimize circuits, whether it is speed or area priority, how the clock tree should be designed, how to synchronize two different clocks, and so on. The recommended textbooks are the "Fundamentals of FPGA Authorization," "IP Core Aspiration - Digital Logic Design Ideas," and "Altera FPGA/CPLD Design," the second edition of the basic and advanced chapters. Learn to speed up compilation (incremental compilation, LogicLock), static timing analysis (timequest), and embedded logic analyzer (signaltap) even through customs clearance. If there is something that you do not understand, you can skip it for the time being, because this part also requires a sufficient amount of practice to gain a deeper understanding.
four
Learn to improve development efficiency
Because the editor function of Quartus and ISE is too weak, it affects the development efficiency. It is therefore recommended to use the function of code snippets in the Sublime text editor to reduce repetitive labor. Modelsim is also a commonly used simulation tool that learns TCL/TK to write a DO file that suits itself, making the simulation automatic. The recommended textbook is “TCL/TK Primer Classicâ€. You may back up the code manually, but professionals use version controllers. Therefore, in order to increase work efficiency, you must master GIT. The file comparator Beyond Compare is also a relatively common tool. In addition, you can use System Verilog instead of testbench, which will be more efficient. If you are doing IC verification, you must master System Verilog and verification methodology (UVM). The recommended textbooks are "Writing Testbenches using SystemVerilog", "The UVM Primer", and "System Verilog1800-2012 Grammar Manual".
After mastering TCL/TK, you can learn virtual Jtag (ISE has a similar tool) to make your own debugging tool. In addition, if you have time, you'd better learn Python. The script means once and for all.
Fives
Enhancing the theoretical basis
At this time, you will already be using an FPGA, but there are still a lot of things you can't do (for example, FIR filters, PID algorithms, OFDM, etc.) because the theory is not learned. I can give you a rough idea in several directions, followed by a theoretical lesson to master.
1. Signal Processing - Signals and Systems, Digital Signal Processing, Digital Image Processing, Modern Digital Signal Processing, Blind Signal Processing, Adaptive Filter Principles, Radar Signal Processing
Interface applications - such as: UART, SPI, IIC, USB, CAN, PCIE, Rapid IO, DDR, TCP/IP, SPI4.2 (10G Ethernet interface), SATA, Fiber, DisplayPort
3, wireless communication - signal and system, digital signal processing, communication principle, mobile communication basis, random process, information theory and coding
4, CPU design - the principle of computer composition, microcontroller, computer architecture, compiler theory
5, instrumentation - analog electronic technology, high-frequency electronic circuits, electronic measurement technology, intelligent instrument theory and application
6. Control System - Automatic Control Theory, Modern Control Theory, Process Control Engineering, Fuzzy Controller Theory and Applications
7. Compression, Encoding, Encryption - Principles of Number Theory, Abstract Algebra, Modern Encoding, Information Theory and Coding, Introduction to Data Compression, Applied Cryptography, Audio Information Processing, Digital Video Coding Technology
Now you find that the original FPGA will involve so much knowledge, you can choose a direction of interest, but the work is likely to use some of the knowledge in several directions, so the theory or learn as much as possible. If you want to go one step further, math and English are inevitable.
six
Life-long learning
Being able to reach this realm means that you are already very powerful, but there are still many things to learn because FPGAs often have to interact with CPUs, which means that you often have to communicate with software engineers, so you also need to understand software knowledge. Such as ARM (Xilinx ZYNQ and Altera's SOC will use ARM's hard core, please refer to this blog "how to learn embedded software"), DSP, Linux, Android, host computer (QT, C#, JAVA) can learn For a moment, there is no end to learning.
Screen Resolution
There are generally three screen resolutions for office projectors:
One is a 4:3 screen suitable for office PPT playback. The first is the SVGA machine with the lowest price and the highest cost performance. This kind of machine is generally priced at around 2500 and has powerful performance. The disadvantage is that the resolution is 800X600, which is relatively low. The second is the XGA machine, which is an upgraded version of the SVGA machine with a resolution of 1024X768.
The other is the 16:10 aspect ratio screen used by some foreign-funded enterprises, which is the 1280X800 resolution of WXGA. However, with the transparent price of 1080p projectors, more and more companies will choose full HD 1080p projectors as their office projection solutions.
Office Projector Features
According to the needs of different office environments, office projectors are roughly divided into three categories.
One is a conventional projector that is placed or hoisted in the conference room, the second is a Portable Projector that can be carried around, and the third is an ultra-short-throw projector that is convenient for work reports and speeches.
Wireless Office Projector
With the advent of the Internet era, the emergence of a series of wireless office series has added new members to the office projectors. The wireless office projector is realized by the built-in wireless module of the ordinary office projector. Wireless office makes people do not need to switch signal lines frequently in office meetings, allowing people to have a better experience in meetings!
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