Everyone knows the relationship between the speaker unit and the cabinet in the speaker. Many people use the famous foreign speaker unit including the crossover, but they can't make a good speaker anyway. The main reason is the cabinet. The acoustic structure problem is not solved. The sound field design in professional sound engineering is just as important as the design of the cabinet. A good sound field will fully play the advantages of the audio equipment, making people sound very comfortable, and one does not. A reasonable sound field will not only give people a wonderful sound experience, but also reduce the performance level of the equipment. Of course, due to the level of architectural decoration and the user's understanding of the sound engineering, many projects are very late to contact the sound construction unit. So that the design of the sound field can not be completed, and the sound field design must rely on the architectural decoration to achieve, so a large number of sound engineering is done in the absence of sound field design. Therefore, for sound engineering, only the sound design and construction unit fully recognizes the importance of sound field design, and it is possible for users to realize its importance.
A basic sound field design includes sound insulation treatment, reduction of on-site noise, requirements of building structure, realization of sound uniformity, avoidance of acoustic vibration, focus, feedback, etc., indoor calculations, etc., which are classified and analyzed below.
(1) Sound insulation treatment
In order to create a quiet sound field and avoid affecting the units and residents in the surrounding environment, at the beginning of the sound field design, the sound insulation should be considered first to provide a good innate condition for the sound field. The sound insulation involves the construction. Sound insulation with the outside world, sound insulation of each room in the building; sound insulation parts include: sound insulation of the partition wall, sound insulation of the doors and windows, and sound insulation of the ceiling of the room connected to the top.
For the sound insulation with the outside world, the general building structure can achieve the basic sound insulation requirements, but if the architectural design does not consider the need of sound engineering at all, it is necessary to conduct an investigation of the sound insulation, and if necessary, should design the building. The unit consults and learns about the local noise restrictions from the GA authorities. Usually do not use the height of the floor as sound insulation for the sound insulation between the rooms. If the wall is too thin, it will bring some difficulty to the project. At this time, it should be negotiated with the decoration unit to add a gap to the wall during decoration. Layer to solve the sound insulation of medium and high frequency.
It is difficult to completely solve the sound insulation of the low frequency band, because there is no other more effective way than increasing the weight of the sound insulation body. The doors and windows are the weak links of the sound insulation treatment, and the sound insulation for them can be applied to the decorative unit. It is recommended to improve the quality of the production of doors and windows. If necessary, use leather-clad doors and double-glazed windows, or add isolation channels outside the door and heavy double-layer curtains hanging on the windows. It is also crucial for the ceiling of the ceiling room. Especially in some large-scale entertainment venues built in recent years, the sound of the hall has a great influence on the surrounding rooms. Some of the disturbances are from the top of the ceiling. This part of the sound insulation scheme cannot be raised too late, otherwise it is very Difficult to implement, so the sound designer is required to ask questions to the decoration unit as soon as possible, and coordinate a feasible solution, such as: covering the ceiling with a layer of fire-resistant sound-absorbing cotton or adding a layer of ceiling to a certain distance above the ceiling, etc. In short, The sound insulation treatment of the project is of great significance, which not only improves the quality of the project but also facilitates the normal use of the user. Intended to carefully consider acoustic treatment is necessary, the processing method is feasible, otherwise it will increase the number of unnecessary work and expense.
(2) Reduction of on-site noise
Many people don't pay much attention to the background noise of the scene, but they have put forward corresponding requirements in the relevant national standards. For example, the first-level karaoke room should be less than 35dB, and the first-level disco should be less than 40dB. The reason is: background noise Increasing the correspondingness reduces the signal-to-noise ratio of the sound reinforcement system, which affects the quality of the project. To effectively solve this problem, it must be limited by the above-mentioned sound insulation. For example, whether the air-conditioning noise of the central air conditioner allows installation The unit helps to solve; the noise, size, installation position of the exhaust fan is appropriate.
(3) The situation of the building structure
It should be said that the general sound is not capable of letting the building structure completely designed according to its own intentions. However, for the part where the engineering quality requirements are strict and the construction engineering is processed on the reconstructed structure, it is necessary for the sound designer to make corresponding requirements as much as possible. The optimum proportion of the length, width and height of the structural part, the shape of the wall, and the position setting of the control room have already been mentioned in the overall planning of the front. Here, some architectural partial structures related to the engineering installation are mainly mentioned here. In the first case, the building unit must first obtain the recognition of the load-bearing capacity of the wall or roof of the sound engineering that needs to be hoisted equipment. Especially when the weight of the light shed is large, the safety of hoisting is more important. Secondly, it needs to be The structure of the room in the building, the location of the embedded pipeline, and the exit have a relatively detailed understanding, in order to facilitate the possible insertion of the pipe, wiring construction, and then to understand the weak links of the internal structure of the building, to find out what landlord can change, Nowhere.
(4) Realization of sound uniformity
The concept of sound uniformity is generally not very clear, and there is not much consideration in the project. Is it not important, right? No, not only important, but also very important. For example: you accidentally went to an entertainment hall and found that the sounds in different places were different. Some places were very pleasant. Some places seemed to be shortcomings, and the sound was erratic. Another example: the front stage area is very loud, while the audience behind it says that the sound is small (of course, some entertainment halls are designed to make the back area easy for the audience). The occurrence of these phenomena is caused by poor uniformity. In the middle, it is based on the concept of sound field inhomogeneity. It is generally required that the field pressure level test value deviation is less than 2dB at each point. How to achieve a uniform sound field? First of all, there should be no obvious defects in the building structure. For example, there should not be too many columns in the room, and the walls should avoid trapped arcs, especially the wall on the side of the stage should not have a large structure; Large acoustic shadow areas appear in the interior, but since a large number of changes cannot be made to meet these requirements after the completion of the construction of the building structure, it is necessary to use the experience in the sound engineering to skillfully arrange the sound reinforcement area and avoid the comparison. The large defect structure minimizes the impact of them; secondly, it can provide some simple solutions for improving the sound diffusion effect to the decoration unit in time and effectively. For example, all concert halls have good sound diffusion effects. It is a sound diffuser with a large variety of shapes inside, and these structures can be completed by some simple decoration methods, so as long as the method is appropriate, it can achieve better results, of course, the shape, position, It is not easy to make a reasonable and appropriate design. It is generally economically feasible to use a wall. The method of mud pulling, although this method is relatively old and not very beautiful, but it can play a very effective role in the sound diffusion of the hall, in addition, the sound system is arranged reasonably, especially the position of the speaker must be Strict requirements, if you can use the computer design software provided by some speaker manufacturers to simulate the sound field in the design, it is better, if not, it should be adjusted in practice until the sound field is the best.
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