How can we achieve the autonomous operation of the system in the case of leaving the grid? The answer is to reduce the operating power consumption of the system to a low enough level, while fully utilizing energy harvesting or battery power to maintain operation until the sensor is eliminated and there is no need to charge. Such a system is truly autonomously capable. When the user has a need, the system can continuously provide the required data and measurements, and requires little manual intervention.
A key point of the autonomous system is its built-in sensors that efficiently transmit and report the acquired data. Such a sensor is meaningless if a sensor can only collect large amounts of data and cannot transmit such data or decisions based on the data. In addition, because such sensors are not connected to the grid or are often controlled remotely, they can only rely on wireless data transmission. The arrival of the Internet of Things (IoT) era has changed this situation.
Today, with full-powered autonomous sensors and the IoT network around them, engineers can install sensors anywhere for comprehensive monitoring, such as sensors to monitor vibration and bridge integrity in different parts of the vehicle, and even the orientation of satellites in outer space.
The solar dice of Figure 1 is an application example of an autonomous sensor. With six solar panels, the dice can be fully powered by the collected light energy, and the basic illumination in the room provides sufficient power for devices using such sensor nodes. This scorpion uses ultra-low-power accelerometers and CC430 transceivers, and of course the most important ones are power supplies.
Figure 1. Solar tweezers are optimized ultra-low-power sensor nodes in the IoT space.
When the dice are thrown, the system wakes up and sends the collected data to the USB receiver of the PC. You may have questions, what data can the dice collect? In fact, it is about the orientation of the dice, so that the number of points thrown can be determined according to the orientation of the dice. However, the only downside to this dice is that it needs to be reported after the dice are thrown. Otherwise, this type of sensor will surely make a big difference in casinos around the world.
Perhaps you will question again, what is the relationship between such a scorpion and the sensor node? In fact, solar dice is just an application example that shows how to use an optimized ultra-low power device to sense and report data. For example, when an engineer is designing a satellite, such a sensor node is very suitable. It can be used to monitor the direction of operation of the satellite without the need to access the grid and directly use energy harvesting to power it.
In addition, if you want to measure the vibration of your vehicle, based on the design concept of ultra-low-power solar tweezers, engineers can use a cheaper, lighter and smaller wire to power each sensor. At the same time, since the data is transmitted wirelessly, the number of wires required is relatively small, and all that is required is to replace the accelerometer in the solar raft with a vibration sensor.
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